Juliana Schietti (SigLab /PPBio - INPA) – jusa@inpa.br Thaise Emilio (GEOMA - INPA)

1. Forest structure, wood density and biomass of canopy trees in the Brazilian Amazonia Juliana Schietti (SigLab /PPBio - INPA) – jusa@inpa.gov.br Thaise Emilio (GEOMA - INPA) Sylvain Syltao (SigLab - INPA)

2. Forest structure and biomass estimates are important to know the forest C stocks and emissions to the atmosphere during deforestation and changes in land cover • Wood density is a key factor for biomass estimates and is closely related to diameter growth rates and life history strategies • Spatial variation of wood density and biomass stocks is still poorly known in Brazilian Amazonia • Several studies assume that vegetation types are spatially homogeneous in diversity and biomass distribution Houghton et al. 2001; Saatchi et al 2007; Baker et al. 2004; Nogueira et al. 2007,2008

3. 1 - Map spatial variation of forest structure (basal area and biomass) and wood density along main forest types in Brazilian Amazonia 2 - Is there difference in wood density and structure across six forest types in Brazilian Amazonia?

4. Campinaranas 3.98 % Dense Forest 35.5% Dense Alluvial Forest 3.92 % Open Forest 18.03 % Non-forest Open Alluvial Forest 1.81 % Seasonal Semideciduous Forest 4.33% Total area – 5 016 443.74 km2 RadamBrasil – IBGE/SIPAM

5. Data Base • RadamBrasil Project (eletronic data base from IBGE/SIPAM) • 2632 plots (1 ha) with all trees (DBH >= 31.8 cm) measured and identified by parataxonomists

6. For each plot • Basal Area • Sum of basal area calculated from individual diameters • Mean Wood Density • Genera from RadamBrasil inventories were combined with wood density database compiled by Chave et al 2006 •  Family and genus names and taxonomy were corrected and updated following Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) and Tropicos database on Missouri Botanical Garden (MOBOT) • Aboveground Biomass • Plot wood volume was converted to biomass using new values of VEF (Volume Expansion Factor) and BEF (Biomass Expansion Factor) for dense and open forests from Nogueira et al 2008; and plot mean wood density. Chave et al. 2006. Ecological Applications. 16(6): 2356 – 2367 Nogueira et al. 2008. Forest Ecology and Management. 256: 1853-1867

7. 1 - Map spatial variation => Interpolation of plot data (Inverse Distance Weighting) 2 – Difference across forest types => ANOVA

8. Spatial Variation: Basal Area (m2/ha)

9. Basal Area (m2/ha) - + Campinaranas cv = 0.42 Dense cv = 0.38 Dense Alluvial cv = 0.42 Semideciduous cv = 0.53 Open cv = 0.44 Open Alluvial cv = 0.47

10. Differences across Vegetation Types  Basal Area 50 40 30 Basal Area (m2/ha) 20 10 0 Open Dense Campinarana Dense Alluvial Open Alluvial Semideciduous + - Dense Alluvial Dense ac Open Alluvial Campinarana Open bc c d a b Semideciduous

11. Spatial Variation: Mean Wood Density Forest Dynamics Soil Fertility

12. Mean Wood Density - + Campinaranas cv = 0.06 Dense cv = 0.06 Dense Alluvial cv = 0.09 Semideciduous cv = 0.08 Open cv = 0.06 Open Alluvial cv = 0.09

13. Differences across Vegetation Types  Mean Wood Density 0.9 0.8 0.7 Mean Wood Density (g/cm3) 0.6 0.5 0.4 Open Dense Dense Alluvial Open Alluvial Campinarana Semideciduous + - a Campinarana Dense b a c d bc Open Semideciduous Dense Alluvial Open Alluvial

14. Spatial Variation: Aboveground Biomass (t/ha)

15. Aboveground Biomass - + Campinaranas cv = 0.46 Dense cv = 0.39 Dense Alluvial cv = 0.44 Semideciduous cv = 0.62 Open cv = 0.51 Open Alluvial cv = 0.48

16. Differences across Vegetation Types  Biomass 500 400 300 Aboveground Biomass (t/ha) 200 100 0 Open Dense OpenAlluvial Dense Alluvial Campinarana Semideciduous + - Dense Dense Alluvial Campinarana Open Open Alluvial a a ac b Semideciduous bc d

17. Summary • Basal area and biomass differed only at Seasonal Semideciduous Forest • Mean wood density was relatively invariant along vegetation types • Campinarana/Dense forest and Seasonal Semideciduous Forest were different from other types of vegetation in mean wood density • Mean wood density in such forest types can be used for biomass estimates • Most of the forest types did not differ from the others in basal area and biomass. Therefore, spatial variation inside these forest types should be taken into account.

18. Thanks for your attention