1 / 24

Boundless Lecture Slides

Boundless Lecture Slides. Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com. Using Boundless Presentations. Boundless Teaching Platform

pahana
Download Presentation

Boundless Lecture Slides

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Boundless Lecture Slides Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  2. Using Boundless Presentations Boundless Teaching Platform Boundless empowers educators to engage their students with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books, or make switching to our platform easier by building from Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they need to assign readings and assessments, monitor student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made teaching resources. Get started now at: • The Appendix The appendix is for you to use to add depth and breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and drop slides from the appendix into the main presentation to make for a richer lecture experience. http://boundless.com/teaching-platform • Free to edit, share, and copy Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies of the Boundless presentations as you like. We encourage you to take these presentations and make them your own. If you have any questions or problems please email: educators@boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  3. About Boundless • Boundless is an innovative technology company making education more affordable and accessible for students everywhere. The company creates the world’s best open educational content in 20+ subjects that align to more than 1,000 popular college textbooks. Boundless integrates learning technology into all its premium books to help students study more efficiently at a fraction of the cost of traditional textbooks. The company also empowers educators to engage their students more effectively through customizable books and intuitive teaching tools as part of the Boundless Teaching Platform. More than 2 million learners access Boundless free and premium content each month across the company’s wide distribution platforms, including its website, iOS apps, Kindle books, and iBooks. To get started learning or teaching with Boundless, visit boundless.com. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  4. Describing Variability Measures of Variation ] Measures of Variation Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  5. Measures of Variation > Describing Variability Describing Variability • Range • Variance • Standard Deviation: Definition and Calculation • Interpreting the Standard Deviation • Using a Statistical Calculator • Degrees of Freedom • Interquartile Range • Measures of Variability of Qualitative and Ranked Data • Distorting the Truth with Descriptive Statistics • Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/statistics/textbooks/boundless-statistics-textbook/measures-of-variation-6/describing-variability-26/

  6. Appendix Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  7. Measures of Variation Key terms • bias(Uncountable) Inclination towards something; predisposition, partiality, prejudice, preference, predilection. • coefficient of variationThe ratio of the standard deviation to the mean. • data mininga technique for searching large-scale databases for patterns; used mainly to find previously unknown correlations between variables that may be commercially useful • descriptive statisticsA branch of mathematics dealing with summarization and description of collections of data sets, including the concepts of arithmetic mean, median, and mode. • deviationFor interval variables and ratio variables, a measure of difference between the observed value and the mean. • disparitythe state of being unequal; difference • dispersionthe degree of scatter of data • exploratory data analysisan approach to analyzing data sets that is concerned with uncovering underlying structure, extracting important variables, detecting outliers and anomalies, testing underlying assumptions, and developing models • mean squared errorA measure of the average of the squares of the "errors"; the amount by which the value implied by the estimator differs from the quantity to be estimated. • normal distributionA family of continuous probability distributions such that the probability density function is the normal (or Gaussian) function. • null hypothesisA hypothesis set up to be refuted in order to support an alternative hypothesis; presumed true until statistical evidence in the form of a hypothesis test indicates otherwise. • outliera value in a statistical sample which does not fit a pattern that describes most other data points; specifically, a value that lies 1.5 IQR beyond the upper or lower quartile Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  8. Measures of Variation • qualitative datadata centered around descriptions or distinctions based on some quality or characteristic rather than on some quantity or measured value • quartileany of the three points that divide an ordered distribution into four parts, each containing a quarter of the population • RA free software programming language and a software environment for statistical computing and graphics. • rangethe length of the smallest interval which contains all the data in a sample; the difference between the largest and smallest observations in the sample • residualThe difference between the observed value and the estimated function value. • skewedBiased or distorted (pertaining to statistics or information). • spreadA numerical difference. • standard deviationa measure of how spread out data values are around the mean, defined as the square root of the variance • standard deviationa measure of how spread out data values are around the mean, defined as the square root of the variance • TI-83A calculator manufactured by Texas Instruments that is one of the most popular graphing calculators for statistical purposes. • variation ratiothe proportion of cases not in the mode • vectorin statistics, a set of real-valued random variables that may be correlated Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  9. Measures of Variation Effects of Changing Scale This is a graph plotting yearly earnings. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."Free High School Science Texts Project, Statistics: Misuse of Statistics. April 29, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m38864/latest/View on Boundless.com

  10. Measures of Variation Degrees of Freedom This image illustrates the difference (or distance) between the cumulative distribution functions of the standard normal distribution (Φ) and a hypothetical distribution of a standardized sample mean (Fn). Specifically, the plotted hypothetical distribution is a t distribution with 3 degrees of freedom. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."BerryEsseenTheoremCDFGraphExample."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BerryEsseenTheoremCDFGraphExample.pngView on Boundless.com

  11. Measures of Variation TI-83 The TI-83 series of graphing calculators is one of the most popular calculators for statistics students. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."TI-83."CC BY-SAhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TI-83.pngView on Boundless.com

  12. Measures of Variation Scatter Plots A scatter plot is one visual statistical technique developed from EDA. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Scatter diagram for quality characteristic XXX."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Scatter_diagram_for_quality_characteristic_XXX.svgView on Boundless.com

  13. Measures of Variation Effects of Changing Scale In this graph, the earnings scale is greater. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."Free High School Science Texts Project, Statistics: Misuse of Statistics. April 29, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m38864/latest/View on Boundless.com

  14. Measures of Variation Population of Cheetahs The population variance can be very helpful in analyzing data of various wildlife populations. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."CheetahsSerengetiNationalParkApr2011."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CheetahsSerengetiNationalParkApr2011.jpgView on Boundless.com

  15. Measures of Variation Interquartile Range The IQR is used to build box plots, which are simple graphical representations of a probability distribution. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikispaces."killianHMA0910 - 2.Range and Interquartile Range."CC BY-SAhttp://killianhma0910.wikispaces.com/2.+Range+and+Interquartile+RangeView on Boundless.com

  16. Measures of Variation Mid-Range Equation The mid-range is the mean of the maximum and minium values in a data set. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Mid-range."GNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-rangeView on Boundless.com

  17. Measures of Variation Standard Deviation Example To calculate the population standard deviation, first compute the difference of each data point from the mean, and square the result of each. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Standard deviation."GNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviationView on Boundless.com

  18. Measures of Variation Standard Deviation Example Next, compute the average of these values, and take the square root. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Standard deviation."GNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviationView on Boundless.com

  19. Measures of Variation Variation Ratio The variation ratio is defined as the proportion of cases which are not the mode. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Variation ratio."GNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variation_ratioView on Boundless.com

  20. Measures of Variation Comparison of Standard Deviations Example of two samples with the same mean and different standard deviations. The red sample has a mean of 100 and a SD of 10; the blue sample has a mean of 100 and a SD of 50. Each sample has 1,000 values drawn at random from a Gaussian distribution with the specified parameters. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Comparison standard deviations."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Comparison_standard_deviations.svgView on Boundless.com

  21. Measures of Variation Standard Deviation Diagram Dark blue is one standard deviation on either side of the mean. For the normal distribution, this accounts for 68.27 percent of the set; while two standard deviations from the mean (medium and dark blue) account for 95.45 percent; three standard deviations (light, medium, and dark blue) account for 99.73 percent; and four standard deviations account for 99.994 percent. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Standard deviation diagram."CC BYhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Standard_deviation_diagram.svgView on Boundless.com

  22. Measures of Variation Attribution • Wiktionary."outlier."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/outlier • Wiktionary."quartile."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quartile • Wikispaces."killianHMA0910 - 2.Range and Interquartile Range."CC BY-SAhttp://killianhma0910.wikispaces.com/2.+Range+and+Interquartile+Range • Wikipedia."Interquartile range."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interquartile_range • Wiktionary."variation ratio."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/variation_ratio • Wikipedia."qualitative data."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/qualitative%20data • Wikipedia."Variation ratio."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variation_ratio • Wikipedia."Qualitative variation."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualitative_variation • Wiktionary."null hypothesis."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/null_hypothesis • Wiktionary."descriptive statistics."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/descriptive_statistics • Wiktionary."bias."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bias • Wikipedia."Bias (statistics)."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bias_(statistics) • OpenStax CNX."Free High School Science Texts Project, Statistics: Misuse of Statistics. September 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m38864/latest/ • Wikispaces."medanth - Descriptive Statistics."CC BY-SAhttp://medanth.wikispaces.com/Descriptive+Statistics • Wiktionary."data mining."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/data_mining • Wikipedia."exploratory data analysis."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/exploratory%20data%20analysis • Wiktionary."skewed."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/skewed Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  23. Measures of Variation • Wikipedia."Exploratory data analysis."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploratory_data_analysis • Bioinformatics.CC BY-SAhttp://bioinformatics.ca//files/CBW%20-%20presentations/Stats_Toronto2011_Module%202/Stats_Toronto2011_Module%202.pdf • Wiktionary."range."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/range • Wiktionary."dispersion."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dispersion • Wikidot."20130216 - Range - WikiofScience."CC BY-SAhttp://wikiofscience.wikidot.com/print:20130216-range • Wikipedia."Descriptive statistics."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descriptive_statistics • Wikipedia."Range (statistics)."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Range_(statistics) • Wikipedia."Mid-range."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-range • Wiktionary."deviation."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deviation • Wiktionary."spread."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spread • Wikibooks."Statistics/Summary/Variance."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statistics/Summary/Variance • Austrailian Bureau of Statistics."Error 404."CC BYhttp://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/a3121120.nsf/89a5f3d8684682b6ca256de4002c809b/8a79c9ade4ea90ccca25794900128238!OpenDocument • Wikispaces."MBAecon - variance."CC BY-SAhttp://mbaecon.wikispaces.com/variance • Wiktionary."normal distribution."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/normal_distribution • Wiktionary."standard deviation."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/standard_deviation • Wikipedia."coefficient of variation."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/coefficient%20of%20variation • Wikipedia."mean squared error."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/mean%20squared%20error • Austrailian Bureau of Statistics."Error 404."CC BYhttp://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/a3121120.nsf/89a5f3d8684682b6ca256de4002c809b/8a79c9ade4ea90ccca25794900128238!OpenDocument • Wikipedia."Standard deviation."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  24. Measures of Variation • Wikipedia."Standard deviation."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation • OpenStax CNX."Free High School Science Texts Project, Statistics: Standard Deviation and Variance. September 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m38858/latest/ • Wikipedia."Standard deviation."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation • Wikipedia."Standard deviation."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation • Wiktionary."standard deviation."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/standard_deviation • Wiktionary."disparity."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/disparity • Wikipedia."Standard deviation."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation • Wikipedia."R."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R • Boundless Learning."Boundless."CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com//statistics/definition/ti-83 • Wikipedia."TI-83 series."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TI-83_series • Wikipedia."R Statistics."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R_Statistics • Wikipedia."residual."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/residual • Wiktionary."vector."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vector • Wikipedia."Degrees of freedom (statistics)."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degrees_of_freedom_(statistics) • Wikipedia."Degrees of freedom (statistics)."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degrees_of_freedom_(statistics) • Wikipedia."Random vector."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_vector • Wikipedia."Errors and residuals in statistics."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errors_and_residuals_in_statistics • Wikibooks."Statistics Ground Zero/Degrees of freedom."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statistics_Ground_Zero/Degrees_of_freedom • Wikipedia."Random variable."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_variable Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

More Related