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Middle-Class Reform Chapter 9:i

Middle-Class Reform Chapter 9:i. [Image source: America - Pathways to the Present , page 260.]. The reforms movement was largely rooted in religious faith of Protestant revivalists. [Image source: Eyes of the Nation , page 102.].

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Middle-Class Reform Chapter 9:i

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  1. Middle-Class ReformChapter 9:i [Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 260.]

  2. The reforms movement was largely rooted in religious faith of Protestant revivalists. [Image source: Eyes of the Nation, page 102.]

  3. Charles Grandison Finney, a former attorney, sparked revivals in upper-state New York. [Image source: http://www.cc.oberlin.edu/~EOG/images/CharlesGrandisonFinney.html]

  4. Lyman Beecher, a revivalist from New England, taught that good people would make a good country. [Image source: http://www.npg.si.edu/exh/brady/gallery/07gal.html]

  5. Rev. Beecher became the patriarch of a great clan that included . . . [Image source: http://newman.baruch.cuny.edu/digital/2001/beecher/images/beecher_002.jpg]

  6. preacher and lecturer Henry Ward Beecher, [Image source: http://www.stereoviews.com/beecher1.jpg]

  7. writer and antislavery activist Harriet Beecher Stowe, [Image source: http://www.npg.si.edu/img2/brush/big/bigstow.jpg]

  8. who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin, and [Image source: http://xroads.virginia.edu/~HYPER/JACOBS/utcabin.gif]

  9. Catherine Beecher, a key figure in women’s education. [Image source: http://www.pbs.org/kcet/publicschool/images/inn_beecher.jpg]

  10. Transcendentalism taught that the process of spiritual discovery and insight would lead a person to profound truths beyond human reason. [Image source: http://images.google.com/images?q=transcendentalism&hl=en&sa=N&tab=wi]

  11. Poet Ralph Waldo Emerson, the leading Transcendentalist of his day, was convinced that people could transcend the material world. [Image source: http://www.uua.org/info/Emerson-RalphWaldo.jpg]

  12. Fellow Transcendentalist Henry David Thoreau explored the value of leisure and the benefits of living closely with nature. [http://cgee.hamline.edu/see/thoreau/thor_head.gif]

  13. Thoreau published a collection of essays in 1854 describing his experiment in living simply. [Image source: http://www.levity.com/seabrook/walden.gif]

  14. Thoreau’s imprisonment for his opposition to America’s war with Mexico was described in an essay entitled “Civil Disobedience”. [Image source: http://info.pue.udlap.mx/ri/trabajos/1999/nt200925/battle6.GIF]

  15. America’s consumption of alcoholic beverages per capita peaked in the early-1800s. [http://www.librarycompany.org/Ardent%20Spirits/temperance-BrandyDrops.GIF]

  16. [Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 285.]

  17. Alcohol Consumption,1800-1860 [Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 261.]

  18. Reformers, opposed to alcohol consumption, preached the value of self-control and self-discipline. [Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 283.]

  19. [Image source: http://entomology.unl.edu/beekpg/tidings/btid1999/temperance.jpg]

  20. Under the leadership of Horace Mann, Massachusetts pioneered school reform, making public education free. [http://www.pbs.org/kcet/publicschool/images/inn_mann.jpg]

  21. Mann believed that education could be used to promote self-discipline and good citizenship. [Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 262.]

  22. Many children learned through a popular series of textbooks called the McGuffy’s Readers. [Image source: http://www.trincoll.edu/depts/library/watkinson/collections/images/children_1.jpg]

  23. William McGuffy promoted evangelical Protestant values such as thrift, obedience, honesty, and temperance.

  24. Schools were often segregated by race as well as sex. [Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 382.]

  25. School Enrollment, 1840-1870

  26. Schoolteacher Dorothea Dix submitted a detailed report to the state of Massachusetts revealing the shocking conditions found in most prisons. [Image source: http://www.scc.rutgers.edu/njwomenshistory/Period_3/images/dix.jpg]

  27. Miss Dix’s efforts resulted states establishing separate institutions for the mentally ill. [Image source: http://darkspire.org/asylums/harrisburg_pa/daddix.gif]

  28. Some reformers tried to create utopian communties dedicated to perfection in social and political conditions. [Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 263.]

  29. Scottish industrialist Robert Owen envisioned a community where well-educated, hardworking people would share property in common. [Image source: http://images.google.com/images?num=20&hl=en&q=Robert+Owen]

  30. Owen established New Harmony, Indiana. [Image source: http://www.msdmv.k12.in.us/mvjhs/staff/Teacher's%20Web%20Sites/Orisky/harm.gif]

  31. Bronson Alcott, the father of Louisa May Alcott, . . . [Image source: http://www.alcottweb.com/picturegallery/images/bronsonlarge.jpg]

  32. in association with the novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne, [Image source: http://www.pem.org/images/hawthorne.jpg]

  33. founded Brook Farm in 1841. [Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 263.]

  34. Most utopian communities were religiously oriented, such as the Ephrata Cloisters in Pennsylvania, founded in 1732, . . . [Image source: http://www2.cr.nps.gov/tps/tpsgraphics/cloisters.jpg]

  35. the Oneida community in Putney, Vermont, . . . [Image source: http://libwww.syr.edu/digital/images/o/OneidaCommunityPhotos/710.jpg]

  36. [Image source: http://www.borg.com/~mcholli/graphics/oneida29.jpg]

  37. Zoar community in Ohio, . . . [Image source: http://www.zca.org/images/memhead.jpg]

  38. and the Amana Colonies in Iowa. [Image source: http://www.cr.nps.gov/NR/travel/amana/buildings/breadgirl3.gif]

  39. The Shakers were an offshoot of the Quakers. [Image source: http://www.ohiohistory.org/places/shaker/images/shakers.gif]

  40. N. O. Nelson

  41. [Image source: http://www.firehydrant.org/pictures/i/0463.jpg]

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