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Operating Systems

Operating Systems. Advanced OS - A. OS Advanced. Basic OS Functions. OS Advanced. Bytes & Words Bit = 1 or 0 Byte = 8 Bits or a Character. OS Advanced. Words Bytes are too small to represent meaningful numbers, thus most computers manipulate a group of bytes called a WORD. OS Advanced.

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Operating Systems

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  1. Operating Systems Advanced OS - A

  2. OS Advanced Basic OS Functions

  3. OS Advanced Bytes & Words Bit = 1 or 0 Byte = 8 Bits or a Character

  4. OS Advanced Words Bytes are too small to represent meaningful numbers, thus most computers manipulate a group of bytes called a WORD

  5. OS Advanced Words 16-bit (2 Byte) 32-bit (4 Byte) 64-bit (8 Byte)

  6. OS Advanced We have a hierarchy of memory: Bits are grouped to form Bytes, and bytes are grouped to form Words

  7. OS Advanced Most computers are designed around the Word size. 32-bit Word means that the CPU manipulates 32-bit numbers, memory stores 32-bit words.

  8. OS Advanced The biggest 32-bit number is approximately 4 Billion in decimal terms. So a 32-bit processor can access as many as 4 billion different memory locations.

  9. OS Advanced The bigger the Word size the more memory a computer can address.

  10. OS Advanced A bigger Word size influences a systems cost. But a bigger Word size generally means a faster, more precise computer, with greater memory capacity, larger instruction set, but a higher price tag.

  11. OS Advanced The Operating System (OS)

  12. OS Advanced Computers are not Intelligent! They must be given instructions before they can perform any operation.

  13. OS Advanced The OS system module that accepts, interprets, and carries out commands (defines the user interface) is called the Command Processor

  14. OS Advanced Command Processor SHELL OPERATINGSYSTEM HARDWARE

  15. OS Advanced Programmers & Users communicate with the command processor (Shell) by issuing commands, the shell interprets the commands and passes them to the operating system (OS)

  16. OS Advanced The Command Processor contains routines which perform a single task The set of commands forms a command language.

  17. OS Advanced Command Processor

  18. OS Advanced The OS is tasked with communicating with the computers hardware

  19. OS Advanced OS uses the Input/Output Control System (IOCS) Physical Disk Management The IOCS communicates directly with hardware via unique primitive commands

  20. OS Advanced Primitive Commands Seek Read Write

  21. OS Advanced File System Logical Disk Management Helps us keep track of data files and program files

  22. OS Advanced Data Files Created and Accessed by Application programs

  23. OS Advanced Program Files When Installed the name and physical location is recorded in the Directory (Folder)

  24. OS Advanced File System Responsible for allocating space on a disk for a file

  25. OS Advanced Differences between IOCS & File System

  26. OS Advanced The computer clock synchronizes the CPU and Memory All other devices work asynchronously.

  27. OS Advanced Other devices communicate with the CPU via an Interrupt (Interrupts can be issued by Software also)

  28. OS Advanced Interrupt An electronic signal, sensed by hardware, which causes an interruption in the OS which then handles the task requested until it is complete, depending on its priority in the IRQ stack

  29. OS Advanced Interrupt There are typically 16 IRQ’s available for use on an IBM-Compatible computers

  30. OS Advanced THE BOOT OS must be in memory before any other functions can begin

  31. OS Advanced OS’s are typically stored on a disk (HD, CD) and must be loaded into memory via a software program called the Boot program

  32. OS Advanced Generally stored on the first few sectors of a disk Hardware is designed to read the Boot automatically when power is turned on

  33. OS Advanced Loading the OS from scratch is called the Cold Boot Loading the OS and bypassing preliminary processes is called the Warm Boot

  34. OS Advanced The OS is vital to the operation of computers, and is required to have a functioning and useful computer system.

  35. OS Advanced Questions?

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