5/1 Focus:

1. 5/1 Focus: • Between 1400 and 1700 explorers set out on great voyages of discovery and news of new lands spread, countries scrambled to setup colonies in hopes of gaining wealth • Do Now: • What process is shown in this image?

2. Test Review

3. The primary reason the Bantu-speaking people of West Africa migrated southward and eastward between 500 B.C. and A.D. 1500 was to • flee warfare • seek religious freedom • establish a colonial empire • find land for farming and grazing

4. European dependence on spices from Asia • Invention of the compass and astrolabe • Rise of nation-states in Europe • These developments influenced the start of the • Crusades • Reformation • Renaissance • Age of Exploration

5. A similarity between the ancient western African kingdoms of Mali, Ghana, and Songhai is that these kingdoms • limited the power of their rulers • established economies based on trade • practiced Christianity • isolated themselves from contact with other cultures

6. I. Rise of Civilizations of Ghana and Mali • A. ______________________ • B. Spread of Islam • C. Development of centers of learning • Which term best completes the partial outline above? • Use of gunpowder • Development of Hammurabi’s Code • Trade of gold and salt • Distribution of the printing press

7. The Aztec use of the calendar and the Maya writing system both illustrate that pre-Columbian cultures in the Americas • traded extensively with Africa • declined because of invasion and disease • flourished prior to European contact • converted others to Islam

8. How did the Inca adapt to their physical environment? • They built large fishing fleets to feed their populations. • They built footbridges that connected their roads across the Andes. • They established extensive trade agreements with Europe. • They raised cattle and horses on the pampas.

9. The purpose of the Encomienda system in Latin America was to • control overpopulation in urban centers • convert native peoples to Protestantism • obtain labor and taxes from the native peoples in the Spanish colonies • introduce political ideas into the colonies gradually

10. • Smallpox outbreak spreads throughout Mexico. • Spanish and Portuguese are introduced to chocolate, peanuts, tomatoes, and corn. • Cortés brings Aztec gold and silver treasures to Spain. • Which situation is illustrated in these statements? • empathy of Europeans for Native American Indian civilizations • triangular trade and its effects on agrarian economies • the relatively high costs of colonialism • the impact of contact between different peoples

11. A direct result of the conquest of Tenochtitlán by Hernán Cortés in 1521 was the • expulsion of Jews and Muslims from Spain • establishment of Portuguese trade routes around Africa • fall of the Aztec Empire • conquest of the Kush Kingdom

12. What was one effect of the Columbian exchange? • rapid decline in European population • economic instability in China and Japan • introduction of new foods to both Europe and the Americas • spread of Hinduism into Latin America

13. The term “mercantilism” is defined as an economic system in which • prices are determined by the laws of supply and demand • colonies exist for the benefit of the colonial power • factors of production are owned by the government • the proletariat benefit at the expense of the bourgeoisie

14. Ottomans take control of Byzantine and disrupt overland spice trade routes Italian merchants and Muslim traders charge high prices for Asian goods Spain and Portugal begin searching for sea routes to Asia

15. Compass Printing Press Astrolabe Caravel

16. Zheng He Portugal Dias Vasco De Gama Portugal Magellan Spain Columbus Spain

17. Developed hieroglyphic writing Built Step Pyramids Developed concept of zero Kept records on knotted strings called Quipas Developed calendars (2) Established schools Advanced knowledge of astronomy

18. Used slash and burn farming technique Capital city built by filling in parts of lake Developed floating gardens Yucatan Peninsula Built system of roads and bridges to connect empire Used terraces to farm in mountains. Central Mexico West Coast of South America

19. Animism Shinto Worship spirits or forces in nature

20. Limited movement of people Restricted trade by sea

21. Spread Bantu language; cultural diffusion Increased wealth of W. African kingdoms Spread Islam to W. Africa Exposed world to the wealth of Mali empire Returned to make Mali a center of Islamic learning and culture Disrupted W. African society and politics Millions of Africans brought to the Americas

22. Positive Negative Arrival of new foods led to population growth Death of Millions of Native Americans from disease The Columbian Exchange New products increased economic activity in Europe Slavery Cultural Diffusion

24. List three principles associated with Mercantilism: Countries should develop surpluses of gold and silver Establish a favorable balance of trade Colonies exist to provide raw materials to the colonial power and a market to buy finished goods from the colonial power