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Action and Forces Influence Nutrition through Adulthood

Action and Forces Influence Nutrition through Adulthood. Adults and their nutritional needs. The living arrangements of adult men and women vary from single adults living alone or together to adults who are the head of the household or are a member of a nuclear or extended family.

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Action and Forces Influence Nutrition through Adulthood

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  1. Action and Forces Influence Nutrition through Adulthood Dr. Dina Qahwaji

  2. Adults and their nutritional needs • The living arrangements of adult men and women vary from single adults living alone or together to adults who are the head of the household or are a member of a nuclear or extended family. • The adults may reflect the onset of chronic disease signs, unemployment, or reduced economic independence. Dr. Dina Qahwaji

  3. Healthy Adults • The important goal of health promotion and disease prevention for adults is maintaining health and functional independence • Many health problems associated with later years are preventable or can be controlled • Individual’s current health profile is largely determined by behavioural risk factors Dr. Dina Qahwaji

  4. Leading causes of death for adults include heart disease, cancer, stroke, and diabetes have been associated with behavioural risk factors • Many adults benefit from changes in their lifestyle behaviours • Ex. changing risk behaviours to healthful can improve the quality of life for older persons • Improvements in diet and nutritional status and weight control can enhance the health of older adults Dr. Dina Qahwaji

  5. The past four decades, health professionals provided American public with health messages to lower risk of chronic diseases. These messages encouraged such things as: • Avoiding cigarette smoking • Maintenance of healthful body weight • Reduced intake of saturated fats and cholesterol • Regular PA • Regular health screening for BP and cholesterol • Cancer-related screening • Consumption of diet rich in whole grain, fruits, vegetables and fibre Dr. Dina Qahwaji

  6. The Future for Women • Strategies to enhance adoption of healthful behaviour are needed • Studies will activate community resources to enhance adoption of these behaviours by: • Providing education • Removing barriers • Improving social support Dr. Dina Qahwaji

  7. Key messages of basis of ADA campaign • Nutrition and Health Campaign for Women, which includes research, public policy, industry, and media. The messages are: • Nutrition has an important role in fitness and prevention of diseases • A low-fat diet is a preventive approach to high cholesterol and breast cancer • Calcium can help prevent osteoporosis if girls 8-18 and older women consume enough calcium Dr. Dina Qahwaji

  8. Men and their nutritional needs • In a Gallup Poll (ADA, Men’s Health Campaign) 75% of men concerned about the effect of eating on their health • 23% of the men could name the major food groups • Men have limited knowledge to make informed food choices Dr. Dina Qahwaji

  9. Men and their nutritional needs • Men have many of the same risk factors as women for chronic disease, but some differences exist • Due to greater muscle mass, men have higher metabolic rates, which results in higher calorie expenditure than women for the same activity • Men add fat in their midsection rather than in the upper or lower body as observed for women Dr. Dina Qahwaji

  10. Older Adults Dr. Dina Qahwaji

  11. Introduction • We living longer than before and the average age at death (life expectancy) has changed significantly • Because of better prenatal care and improved means of fighting diseases in older adults • Ex. death rate from heart disease decline from 1960 and continues to fall today • Born in 2002 except to live 77 y, about 30 years longer than who born in 1990 Dr. Dina Qahwaji

  12. For white men life expectancy is 75, and for black men is 68 • Life expectancy from birth is 80 y for white females and 75 y for black females • Disease can shorten people’s lives and poor nutrition practices make diseases more likely to happen • Maximum life span (age at which people die) – change less significantly Dr. Dina Qahwaji

  13. Demographic trends & aging • In Arab region, number of people aged 65 and above has doubled from 5.7 m in 1980 to 10.4 m in 2000, and is expected to increase to 14 m by 2010 and 21.3 million by 2020 • In 1980-1985, the average life expectancy estimated at 58 y for men and 61.3 y for women. • Now both gender live 7 years longer than 20 years ago. Average life expectancy is expected to reach 73 by 2025 and 76 by 2050. Dr. Dina Qahwaji

  14. Demographic trends & aging • 12% of the US population is elderly • 30% of the health care cost • 40% prescription drugs • This percentage is expected to raise to 20% by 2030 Dr. Dina Qahwaji

  15. Demographic trends & aging • Old age is associated with weakness, sickness and loss of strength • 80% of persons 65y and older have at least one chronic disease, and 50% have at least two chronic disease • Alert is required to the implication of these demographic changes, Ex. Improve health care facilities Dr. Dina Qahwaji

  16. Social gerontologists view aging in four methods • Chronological aging is aging on the basis of person’s years from birth • Biological aging refers to the physical changes that reduce the efficiency of organ systems such as lung and heart Dr. Dina Qahwaji

  17. Social gerontologists view aging in four processes • Psychological aging includes the changes that occur in mental functioning involving memory and learning • Social aging refers to an individual’s changing roles and relationship in the social organization Dr. Dina Qahwaji

  18. National goal for health promotion • Healthy people 2010 focus areas for elderly include reducing the prevalence of, and the overall number of people who suffer from, disease such as osteoporosis, cancer, diabetes and kidney disease Dr. Dina Qahwaji

  19. National goal for health promotion • Working on objectives to change behaviours related to ideal weight such as intake of fruit, vegetable and whole grain, and PA and fitness status • Increasing the number of people who receive vaccination (influenza, pneumonia) and screening (cancer) Dr. Dina Qahwaji

  20. Community Nutrition programs objectives • To give favourite to elders in greatest economic or social need (low-income) • To maintain or increase the number of meals served regular with funding levels and increase rates • To serve meals that are healthy, safe, of good quality, at the lowest reasonable cost • To promote increased value through improved program and food service management Dr. Dina Qahwaji

  21. Nutrition Education Program • Attempt to increase nutrition knowledge and skills and to improve eating pattern among elderly • Should generally based on dietary guideline • The nutritional goals of educational tools to help consumers select diet to provide suitable amount of energy to maintain healthy weight and meet all needed nutrients • Reduce the major risk factors for coronary disease Dr. Dina Qahwaji

  22. A primary challenge facing nutrition educators is to improve nutrition education strategies to reduce the major risk factors for many leading causes of death among adults Dr. Dina Qahwaji

  23. Community-based programs & services • Nutrition services for elderly founded in hospitals, nursing homes and long-term care facilities • Response to socioeconomic problems that trouble older people and may lead to malnutrition • Governments and local agencies have planed nutrition programs for elderly Dr. Dina Qahwaji

  24. Community-based program & services • Community nutrition intervention for elderly should reach people in many different context of their daily lives • Program vary widely from simple (distribution of health information) to more complex (complete risk factor screening and intensive follow-up counselling) Dr. Dina Qahwaji

  25. The Elderly Nutrition Program ENP • Is planned to improve elderly nutritional status and enable them to avoid medical problem. Its specific goals are to provide: • Low cost nutrition meals • Chances for social action • Nutrition screening and assessment • Nutrition education and shopping assistant • Counselling and transfer to other social services Dr. Dina Qahwaji

  26. The Elderly Nutrition Program ENP • All person over 60 y are eligible to receive meals regardless of their income level • Priority to low income, older persons with greatest economic or social need and very old • Provide nutrition education include low cost recipe ideas, self-assessment quizzes, and nutrition information Dr. Dina Qahwaji

  27. Looking Ahead: And Then We Were Old • As a nation, we tend to value the future more than the present, putting off enjoying today so that we will have money, prestige or time to have fun tomorrow. The elderly feel this loss of future. The present is their time for leisure and enjoyment but often they have no experience in using leisure time. Dr. Dina Qahwaji

  28. Looking Ahead: And Then We Were Old • The solution is to begin to prepare for old age early in life, both psychologically and nutritionally • Develop the habit of adjusting for change • The goal is to arrive at adulthood with healthy mind and body-through good nutritional status and daily exercise Dr. Dina Qahwaji

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