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Chapter 7

Chapter 7. Cellular Respiration. Section 1: Glycolysis and Fermentation. Objectives: Identify the two major steps of cellular respiration. Cellular Respiration. The process in which cells make ATP (energy) by breaking down organic compounds (glucose).

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Chapter 7

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  1. Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration

  2. Section 1: Glycolysis and Fermentation • Objectives: • Identify the two major steps of cellular respiration

  3. Cellular Respiration • The process in which cells make ATP (energy) by breaking down organic compounds (glucose). • BOTH plants AND animals undergo cellular respiration. • C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

  4. http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=97f84673-df0f-4d40-95ba-0ab8c33f0799http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=97f84673-df0f-4d40-95ba-0ab8c33f0799

  5. Photosynthesis and Respiration

  6. 2 Stages of Cellular Respiration • 1. Glycolysis • 2. Aerobic Respiration

  7. Stage 1:Glycolysis • A pathway in which one six carbon molecule of glucose is broken down to produce 2 three carbon molecules of pyruvic acid. • Takes place in the CYTOPLASM of the cell

  8. Step 1: • 2 phosphates supplied by 2 molecules of ATP attach to a glucose (6 carbons) • 2 ATP→2 ADP

  9. Step 2 • Glucose is split into 2 three carbon molecules. Each takes one of the phosphates. • 2 new phosphates are added to the other end.

  10. Step 3 • ALL of the phosphates that were added are now removed to make ATP • The 3 carbon molecules are now pyruvic acid.

  11. Step 4 • The 4 phosphates that were removed now join with ADP to make ATP. • 4 ADP→4 ATP

  12. 2 ATP were used in the beginning but 4 were made. NET PROFIT: 2 ATP’s

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  14. Where do the pyruvic acids go next???? It depends on the type of cell and whether oxygen is present or not. -Fermentation if there is no oxygen -Aerobic respiration if there is oxygen

  15. Fermentation • Anaerobic (without oxygen) process that produces energy when there is a shortage of oxygen • Ex) when you exercise • There are many different fermentation pathways but we will only cover two: • Lactic acid • Alcoholic

  16. Lactic Acid Fermentation • Converts the 2 pyruvic acids into lactic acid • Can make many dairy products (controlled fermentation) like cheese, yogurt, sour cream

  17. Accumulates in your muscles • Hard exercise uses oxygen faster than it can be taken to your muscles • Cells switch to lactic acid fermentation • It builds up in your muscles making you sore or cramp up • Eventually it diffuses into the blood and gets filtered out by the liver

  18. Alcoholic Fermentation • Yeast changes the pyruvic acid into a two carbon molecule, ethyl alcohol • Gives off a CO2 • Used by the beer and wine industry • Used also to make bread

  19. Jack Daniels distillery http://www.5min.com/Video/Jack-Daniels-Tour-Fermenter-Room-101844060\

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  21. 7-2 Aerobic Respiration • Objectives: • Summarize the events of the Krebs cycle.

  22. Aerobic Respiration • Most cells do not go to fermentation, they go to aerobic respiration. • Takes place in the mitochondria • When a pyruvic acid enters the mitochondria it reacts with coenzyme A to form acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) • 2 Stages: • Krebs Cycle • Electron Transport Chain

  23. Krebs Cycle • Breaks down the acetyl CoA, producing CO2, hydrogen and ATP. • Draw the Krebs Cycle:

  24. 2 Times through the Krebs cycle to break down 1 glucose • You “make”: • 6 CO2-diffuses out as waste • 2 ATP-energy • Hydrogen-protons, electrons (NADH, FADH etc..)

  25. http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=1B3D08A3-F6F0-459A-A99C-AE1CB38E8FC4http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=1B3D08A3-F6F0-459A-A99C-AE1CB38E8FC4

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  27. Electron Transport Chain • ATP is produced by the electron transport chain when NAD and FAD release hydrogen in the chain. • Oxygen is the final acceptor of the chain. Hydrogen, electrons and oxygen make WATER molecules (product of respiration)

  28. How many ATPS?? • Glycolysis-2 ATP • Krebs Cycle-2 ATP • Electron Transport Chain-up to 34 ATP • TOTAL: 38 ATP

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