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Volcanic Stones

Introduction to Geology. Volcanic Stones. The Origins of Magma and Igneous Rocks. The Rock Cycle. The Formation of Igneous Rocks. Eruption as lava or ash. Forms magma chamber (solidifies or rises). Accumulates into rising magma body. Partial melting of source. 05.03.a1.

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Volcanic Stones

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  1. Introduction to Geology Volcanic Stones The Origins of Magma and Igneous Rocks

  2. The Rock Cycle

  3. The Formation of Igneous Rocks Eruption as lava or ash Forms magma chamber (solidifies or rises) Accumulates into rising magma body Partial melting of source 05.03.a1

  4. The Origins of Magma The four main factors that influence the origins of magma are: * Temperature * Water Content * Pressure * Mineral Composition

  5. Geologic Settings in which Magma Originates

  6. Magma Formation and the Geothermal Gradient

  7. The Formation of Magma

  8. The Formation of Magma 05.05.c2

  9. The Formation of Magma Solid Pressure tends to hold lattice together Liquid Increasing temperate vibrates atoms and can break bonds Melting Rocks 05.05.a1-3

  10. The Formation of Magma 05.06.c2 05.06.a1 Solid asthenosphere rises to fill gap Decompression melting

  11. The Formation of Magma Pillow basalt Sheeted dikes of basalt Gabbro Mantle 05.06.b4

  12. The Formation of Magma 05.06.c Decompression Crustal Heating

  13. The Formation of Magma Few volcanoes Felsic rocks (granite) Burial and heating of crustal rocks 05.07.c1 Melting during subduction before collision (but shuts off)

  14. The Formation of Magma Oceanic island Rising mantle plume 05.08.a Crustal melting and caldera in continent Huge basalt flows on continents

  15. The Formation of Magma Mostly felsic and intermediate rocks Mafic magma melts crust 05.07.b1 Adding water melts mantle

  16. The Formation of Magma Mostly mafic and intermediate rocks Add water to hot mantle 05.07.a

  17. The Formation of Magma Hot water circulates in ridge; added in pores and in minerals 05.07.d1 Water in minerals released at depth

  18. Mantle Melting and Plate Tectonics The Formation of Magma

  19. The Formation of Magma Observe these settings where large magma chambers form, and propose causes of melting for each site Subduction beneath continent Continental collision Mid-ocean ridge 05.11.b1 Oceanic hot spot Continental hot spot

  20. This Concludes Volcanic Stones The Origins of Magma and Igneous Rocks

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