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Chapter 25

Chapter 25. Revolution and Independence in Latin America . Where did Revolutions happen? (1776-1820). British America France St. Domingue /Haiti Mexico Venezuela Brazil Argentina/Chile. Enlightenment Ideas Issues over Taxation Lack of colonial political influence/authority.

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Chapter 25

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  1. Chapter 25 Revolution and Independence in Latin America

  2. Where did Revolutions happen?(1776-1820) • British America • France • St. Domingue/Haiti • Mexico • Venezuela • Brazil • Argentina/Chile • Enlightenment Ideas • Issues over Taxation • Lack of colonial political influence/authority

  3. Goals of Revolutionary Movements • Develop representative governments • Gain economic freedom (individual and National) • Establish individual rights and privileges • End slavery and the slave trade (done by 1854)

  4. Haiti • Jointly owned by Spain and France • 500,000 African slave and a couple thousand Whites • ToussaintL’Ouverture • Led a successful slave uprising • Stops Napoleon's world domination • How is this different than America and France • Not based on enlightenment • This was slaves having their own ideas about change • Scary

  5. Mexico Augustín de Iturbide: Ended the Mexican War of Independence 1824, collapse of new state Miguel de Hidalgo 1810 Rebellion, alliance with Indians and mestizos

  6. Mexico Continued • Internal Problems • Poverty • Class division • Political divisions • Early Nationalist Efforts • Led by Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna (caudillo) • Mexican-American War • Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo • Reforma • Led by Benito Juarez • Becomes dictator • Liberal reform: fails • European involvement

  7. Other Spanish Colonies • Argentina • Jose de San martin • Liberator of Spanish S. America • By 1825 all of Spanish South America is independent • Venezuela • Simon Bolivar • Creole, visionary, liberator, revolutionary • Lead the independence movement

  8. Other Spanish Colonies • Brazil • Napoleon’s invasion of Portugal forces royal family to flee • Brazil becomes political seat of Portuguese empire • Independence gained after royal family returns • No significant political changes

  9. Common Trends During Independence Movements • Caudillos: Strong military leaders • Represented a variety of social classes • Centralists: supported creation of strong centralized national government • Federalists: supported creation of strong regional governments • Liberals: supports of individual rights, typically more secular • Conservatives: wanted a strong central state • Maintain aspects of colonial society (class structure) • Typically more non-secular

  10. Monroe Doctrine • is a policy of the United States introduced on December 2, 1823. • It stated that further efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in North or South America would be viewed as acts of aggression requiring U.S. intervention.

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