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Personal Safety

Personal Safety. Chapter 21. Impact On the American Society. 120,000 Americans die for injuries The economic cost of injuries is more than $650 billion each year Intentional injury One that is purposely inflicted, by oneself or by another person. Unintentional injury

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Personal Safety

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  1. Personal Safety Chapter 21

  2. Impact On the American Society • 120,000 Americans die for injuries • The economic cost of injuries is more than $650 billion each year • Intentional injury • One that is purposely inflicted, by oneself or by another person. • Unintentional injury • Injury occurs when no harm is intended • Fifth leading cause of death among Americans • One of the leading causes of death among Children and young adults • National Safety Council (NSC) • 2006 - Each day • 329 Americans died from unintentional injuries • 89 died from suicide • 50 died from homicide Personal Safety

  3. Unintentional Injures • Four general classes • Motor vehicle injuries • Home injuries • Public injuries • Work injuries • What Causes an Injury? • Combination of human and environmental factors. • Motor Vehicle Injuries. • Factors Contributing to Motor Vehicle Injuries • Speeding – 60% of all accidents • Aggressive driving • Fatigue and sleepiness • Cell phones and other distractions • Alcohol and other drugs • Safety belts, air bags, and child safety seats Personal Safety

  4. Table 21.1 Unintentional Injuries in the U.S. Personal Safety

  5. Motor Vehicle Injuries • CDC – 45,000 Americans were killed and 3 million injured in motor vehicle crashes in 2006. • Factors Contributing to Motor Vehicle Injuries • Speeding • Aggressive Driving • Fatigue and Sleepiness • Cell Phones and Other Distractions • Alcohol and Other Drugs • Safety Belts, Air Bags, and Child Safety Seats Personal Safety

  6. Preventing Motor Vehicle Injuries • Obey the speed limit • Always were a safety belt • Never drive under the influence. • Keep your car in good working condition. • Allow for plenty of following distance. • Increase your following distance and slow down if weather is bad. • Choose interstate highways versus rural roads. • Always signal. • Stop completely at stop signs. • Special care at intersections. • Don’t pass on two-lane roads. Personal Safety

  7. Motorcycles and Mopeds • About one out of every ten traffic fatalities among 15-34 involves someone riding a motorcycle • Safety Strategies: • Wear light colored clothing. • Develop the necessary skills. • Wear a helmet. • Protect your eyes with goggles. • Drive defensively. Personal Safety

  8. Bicycles • 2006, Bicycle crashes send more than 500,000 people to the emergency room and resulted in 1000 deaths. • Safety strategies: • Wear safety equipment. • Wear light colored clothing. • Ride with flow of traffic. • Ride defensively. • Stop at all traffic lights. • Continue pedaling at all times. Personal Safety

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  10. Pedestrians • Following strategies can help prevent injuries when you’re walking or jogging • Walk or jog in daylight. • Wear light-colored, reflective clothing. • Face traffic when walking. • Avoid busy roads. • Cross only at marked crosswalks. • Don’t use headphones while walking. • Don’t hitchhike. Personal Safety

  11. Home Injuries • Falls • 90% of fatal falls involve people 45 and over. • Fires • Smoke detectors • Poisoning • National poison hotline • 800.222.1222 • Suffocation and choking • Heimlich maneuver • Firearms Personal Safety

  12. Leisure Injuries • Swimming • Not swimming alone • Personal floatation device • Check the surroundings • In-line skating injuries. • Scooter injuries. Personal Safety

  13. Work Injuries • Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (OSHA) • Occupational Safety and Health act of 1970. • Back injuries • Proper mechanics • Repetitive strain injuries (RSIs) • Carpal tunnel syndrome • Tendonitis Personal Safety

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  16. Violence and Intentional Injuries • Violence • 2007, More than 1.4 million Americans fall victim each year. • Factors Contributing to Violence • Social Factors • Violence in the media • Gender • Interpersonal factors • Alcohol and other drugs • Firearms Personal Safety

  17. Figure 21-2 Facts about violence in the U.S. Personal Safety

  18. Violence and Intentional Injuries • Assault • Use of physical force by a person or persons to inflict injury or death on another. • Homicide • 2007, FBI estimated 17,000 murders • Gang-Related violence • 1 million Americans belong to a gang • Hate crimes • Bias against another person’s race or ethnicity, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, or disability motivates a criminal act. • School violence • Workplace violence • Terrorism Personal Safety

  19. Family and Intimate Violence • Battering • Violence against intimate partners • Stalking and Cyberstalking • Harassing behaviors such as following or spying on a person and making verbal, written or implied threats. • Internet, e-mail, chat rooms, and Electronic communication devices • Violence against children • Elder abuse Personal Safety

  20. Sexual Violence • Sexual Assault: Rape • Statutory rape • Date rape • Who commits Rape? • Factors Contributing to Date Rape. • Date rape drugs • Rohypnol,GHB, “Special K” • Date-Induced rape prevention and punishment act of 1996. • Dealing with a Sexual Assault • Women Organized Against Rape (WOAR) recommendations • The effects of rape Personal Safety

  21. Child Sexual Abuse • Sexual act imposed on a minor. • Incest • Most sexually abused children are between 8 and 12 when the abuse first occurs. • Surveys suggest that as many as 27% of women and 16% of men were sexually abused as children. • Sexual Harassment • Affects academic or employment decisions or evaluations. • Interferes with an individual’s academic or work performance. • Creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive academic, work, or student living environment. Personal Safety

  22. What You Can Do About Violence • Training for conflict resolution • Identify and target-risk groups for intervention. • Reducing gun-related injuries. • Adoption of consumer safety standards for guns. Personal Safety

  23. Providing Emergency Care • First aid • Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) • Emergency medical services (EMS) system. • Check the situation • Check the victim • Call for help: Call 9-1-1 in most areas • Care for the victim Personal Safety

  24. Personal Safety Chapter 21

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