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Youth Wellbeing Study – Update

Youth Wellbeing Study – Update . Marc Wilson, Jessica Garisch, Robyn Langlands, Angelique O’Connell, Lynne Russell, Emma-Jayne Brown, Tahlia Kingi , Kealagh Robinson, and Maddie Judge Wellington, May 2014. Youth Wellbeing Study. Longitudinal survey with secondary school students.

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Youth Wellbeing Study – Update

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  1. Youth Wellbeing Study – Update Marc Wilson, Jessica Garisch, Robyn Langlands, Angelique O’Connell, Lynne Russell, Emma-Jayne Brown, TahliaKingi, Kealagh Robinson, and Maddie Judge Wellington, May 2014

  2. Youth Wellbeing Study • Longitudinal survey with secondary school students. • Non-Suicidal Self-injury • Primarily investigating • Risk and protective factors for the development of non-suicidal self-injury • Barriers to help-seeking

  3. Trajectory of NSSI among young New Zealanders • We have data spanning age-groups • 13 – 15 years olds ...and you’ve heard us talk about before: • 16 – 19 year olds • University students (M=19 yo)

  4. Prevalence • YWS Wave 1 results • N=1027 (991 responded to questions on NSSI) • 213 (21%) engaged in NSSI at least once • 81.6% had engaged in NSSI in the past year • Senior secondary school students • N=1162 • 48.7% had engaged in NSSI at least once • 53.6% had engaged in NSSI in past year • 46.4% over a year ago • University students • N= 593 • 43.7% had engaged in NSSI at least once

  5. Participants indicated how they felt at the start, and again at the end, of the survey. If anything, participants report feeling on average happier at the end.

  6. YWS wave 1: Further information on prevalence...

  7. Prevalence of Types of NSSI • YWS Wave 1 sample • Cutting most common • Severe scratching, carving the skin, punching or banging • Senior Secondary School students • Sticking sharp objects into the skin, carved, scratch most common • Cutting Other types assessed (e.g. using acid, sandpaper, etc.) much less frequently reported. Types of NSSI generally cluster into 2 factors: ‘common’ + ‘uncommon’

  8. Engagement in multiple types of NSSI University student data suggests that the majority of young people engage in 1 – 3 types of NSSI...

  9. Engagement in multiple types of NSSI • YWS Wave 1 • Of the 213 who reported NSSI • 25.6% reported 1 form • 17.4% reported 2 forms • 15.5% reported 3 forms • 37.1% reported > 3 forms

  10. Self-reported Function of NSSI

  11. YWS Wave 1: Four Clusters(Functions assessed using FASM (Klonsky & Olino, 2008) Interpersonal: Other-focused Interpersonal: self-focused Intrapersonal: Disconnection Intrapersonal: Affect & Punish

  12. Functions & Psycho-social functioning Generally, intrapersonal functions (both disconnection and affect regulation/self-punishment) most strongly associated with indicators of poor functioning...

  13. Level of Function endorsement Level of Function endorsement Depression Anxiety

  14. Level of Function endorsement Level of Function endorsement Attachment to Peers Attachment to Parents

  15. Level of Function endorsement Level of Function endorsement Resilience Emotion Regulation

  16. Level of Function endorsement Level of Function endorsement Self-Esteem Suicidal Ideation

  17. YWS: Participant Clusters by Function C3 C1 C4 C2 Cluster 1: Affect regulation & self-punishment (n=75) Cluster 2: Low on all (n=81) Cluster 3: Highest on intrapersonal (n=13) Cluster 4: High on all, highest on both interpersonal (n=22)

  18. YWS: Clusters + Psycho-social functioning • Four clusters differed significantly on: • Suicidality (notably C1 and C3) • Self-esteem • Resilience • Depression • Anxiety • Emotion regulation • Attachment to parents (but not peers...) • NSSI behaviour Cluster 2 (low on all) generally the best

  19. The NUMBER of types of self-injury engaged in is strongly predictive of suicidal ideation: For each additional form, SBQ scores increase: 1 form  SBQ = 3.5ish 2 forms  SBQ = 5ish 3 forms  SBQ = 7ish 7 is the recommended cutoff for concern…

  20. YWS: Participant Clusters by NSSI forms C3 C1 C4 C2

  21. YWS: Participant Clusters by NSSI forms C3 – Most likely to cut, carve, insert C1 – 2nd most likely to cut, 3rd most likely for most forms C4 – most likely to self-bite, 2nd most likely for most. Most likely to have thought about ‘atypical’ self-injury like bone breaking, using glass, bleach, etc C2

  22. Implications for practice • Results congruent with the idea that NSSI begins in early adolescents, and continues into early adulthood for some individuals • Forms of NSSI: multiple behaviours need to be queried. • Functions • Heterogeneity • Affect regulation most prevalent

  23. Implications for practice continued... • Functions can point to skills required... • Affect regulation • Distress tolerance skills • Labelling and communicating emotions • Understanding beliefs regarding experiencing (and showing) emotion

  24. Acknowledgements Participating schools, counsellors + students HRC Thanks for listening  Any questions? Comments?

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