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Zygomycota

Zygomycota. Amanda Besselman Emily Makara. Spore Formation. Produce both sexually and asexually Sexual spores  zygospores Asexual mostly sporangiospores, some conidia. Zygospores. 2 opposite strains come together create a diploid zygote that swells gets covered by strong, spiny walls

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Zygomycota

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  1. Zygomycota Amanda Besselman Emily Makara

  2. Spore Formation • Produce both sexually and asexually • Sexual spores zygospores • Asexual mostly sporangiospores, some conidia

  3. Zygospores • 2 opposite strains come together • create a diploid zygote that swells • gets covered by strong, spiny walls • When wall gets disrupted and moisture and nutrient conditions are suitable… • Zygospore germinates • Forms a mycelium that gives is a rise to sporangium (asexual) • Mycelium The vegetative part of any fungus, consisting of a mass of branching, threadlike hyphae, often underground

  4. Asexual spores Sporangiospores - ENDOGENOUS - formed and contained within a sporangium. - entire cytoplasmic contents cleave into spores (sporangiospores) -naked and flagellated (zoospores) or walled and nonmotile (aplanospores) Sporangium enclosure in which spores are formed Columella centrail, sterile portion of the sporangium Rhizoids anchor the fungus to the substrate

  5. Asexual Spores Conidia - EXOGENOUS - often formed at the tip of supporting hyphae called conidiophores -develop in many ways -two main types: -Thallic Develop by septation and fragmentation of a hypha. -Blastic develop by budding or as single spores to form chains

  6. Spores Review • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_oShIRJ7iA

  7. Hyphaehyphae (plural) hypha (singular) • Long, threadlike cells • Make up bodies of filamentous fungi…..aka molds • Segments septum • septate- no communication between compartments to partial walls with small pores that allow flow of organelles and nutrients • Nonseptate • long cell not divided by cross walls (septum) • No walls= cytoplasm and nuclei move freely between cells • Coenocytic hypha

  8. Hyphae

  9. Lifestyle • Culture Conditions • Mesophilic • Aerobe • Some halophiles

  10. Life Style • Terrestrial organisms -Functions -Decompose soil, plant -Carbon cycle -Pathogens -Mutualistic - Commensalistic -Parasitic (Trichomycetes) ~gut of arthropods

  11. Life Cycle • Sexual Reproduction (conjugation) • Haploid nuclei isolated • 2 opposing mating strains ( + and -) • Gametangia fuse developing zygospourm • Dormant • Meiosis occurs during germination • Sporangium sprouts • Spores dispersed

  12. http://science.jburroughs.org/mbahe/BioA/starranimations/chapter22/videos_animations/rhizopus_life_cycle.htmlhttp://science.jburroughs.org/mbahe/BioA/starranimations/chapter22/videos_animations/rhizopus_life_cycle.html Life Cycle • Asexual Reproduction -varies among order and species -budding (when a small portion of the cell membrane and cytoplasm receive a nucleus and pinch off from the parent cell) -sporangiospores are produced in sporangia -Nuclei move to the ends of the progametangia to form septa -The septa of terminal cells becomes fully defined, and then divide a random number of nuclei into individual cells.

  13. Life Cycleasexual reproduction continued…. 4 sporangium types: 1. true sporangium single or many celled structure where spores are produced 2.sporangiolessmaller than true sporangium, no columella produced, fewer spores 3. monosporous sporangium one-spored sporangium 4. merosporangium sac containing 10-15 sporangiospores in a linear sequence

  14. Life Cycle

  15. Roles • Industry -zygomycetes may be used to produce alcohol or organic acidsUses -Asian food fermentation -Control insect pests • Plants -some zygomycetes are parasites to plants -sporangium of Mucorales infects fungi such as mushrooms • Animals • can be negatively affected • Fungal infections have been noted in animals, particularly horses, dogs, and some cats.

  16. Roles • Human Health..at risk for developing conditions associated with zygomycetes -dangerous for people with diabetes, sustained immunosuppressive therapy, use of broad spectrum antibiotics, malnutrition • Zygomycosis - rare fungal disease that occurs in humans, and can even affect the fetus -specifically for diabetics and immunocompromised individuals -Major burns or traumatic injuries -Exposure to fungi or spores -Potentially lethal • 90%-50% http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gKXuHrCzMOQ

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