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CONTENTS. Introduction Changes in Forest Cover Reforestation Community Forestry Forest Policy CDM and Forestry Recommendation. Introduction. Cambodia is fortunate in having extensive areas of valuable natural tropical forest.
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CONTENTS • Introduction • Changes in Forest Cover • Reforestation • Community Forestry • Forest Policy • CDM and Forestry • Recommendation
Introduction • Cambodia is fortunate in having extensive areas of valuable natural tropical forest. • The forest has been seen as a source of timber or wood for charcoal or fuel wood. In recent years, more attention has been paid to the importance of non-timber forest products, including plants for food and medicinal proposes, rattan, bamboo, resins and honey, as well as services such as water conservation and recreation.
As a natural renewable resource, forest has contributed significantly to socio-economic development. • During the last three decades, the Cambodia’s forest cover has reduced from 13,227,000 ha to 10, 638,209 ha. • Forest degradation has been caused by illegal logging, rising demands for fuel wood and agricultural land, growth of population and an increasing number of development programs.
Changes in Forest area Two main forest categories were classified in Cambodia: Dry Land Forest and Edaphic forest. Base on data analysis on forest cover monitoring in recent years, using satellite imageries and GIS, the forest cover of Cambodia has been change during the last 30 years (1967-1997) as below: • Forest cover declined from 13,227,000 ha = 73% to 10,638,209 ha = 58.6% ( -14.4%) or about 0.48% per annum.
Non-forest areas increased from 27% to 41.4% (+14.4%). The change in Forest Land Use (1993-1997) to non-forest area was about 3.4%. The main change was urban, rice field and shrub land areas, which were modified from main forest type.
Reforestation • Sustainable forest management is a key issue for sustainable development of Cambodia, and in order to achieve it, it is important to rehabilitate forest resources in degraded forest and deforested areas as well as to conserve and utilize rich natural forest. • Reforestation was allocated throughout country, especially on the forest reserves listed before 1970.
Forestry Administration has established 28 Forest Plantation Stations (FPS) with the total area of 108,453ha. From 1985 to 2002, all FPS planted amounted to 10,298ha. • Selected species for planting are exotic and local species with suitable degraded forest and grass land. • Education and awareness programs started from 1986 in order to promote participation of local people. The programs include planting at public sites during the Nation Arbor Day and distributed seedling to farmers and stakeholders. From 1986 –2002, the total area is 818 ha and 21,150,610 seedlings were distributed.
Community Forestry (CF) • CF includes any forestry activity that intimately involves local people. • CF focus on woodlot development in area which are short of fuel wood and other forest products to traditional management. • CF manages tree growing at farm level and processing of forest products to generate income at the household or small industry level. • CF consisted of 153 at 16 provinces and are located on the forest land amounted to 62,798 ha.
48,898 families or 209,266 people have participated in CF. • The Sub-degree on CF has been approved by the Council of Ministers on 17 /10/03. • Preparation of the regulations and guidelines on CF is on-going.
Forest Policy • For the achievement of the goals of environmental protection, biodiversity conservation, poverty reduction, economic development, and good governance, the RGC will endeavor to accomplish the following tasks: • Forest resource conservation • Good governance • Socio-economic development. • Poverty reduction.
CDM and Forestry • FAO mentioned about the potential impacts of climate change on agriculture and forestry. • FAO mentioned that about 25 percent of the Greenhouse Gas emission is carbon dioxide (mainly from land use change, including deforestation), 70 percent is both methane (ruminant digestion and rice paddies) and nitrous oxides from fertilizers use, while most of the carbon dioxide stems from fossil fuel use.
It is accepted that agriculture and forestry have the potential to reduce emissions by sources or remove by sinks. • There is an opportunity for investment in reforestation project in Cambodia though the new international climate change mechanism known as CDM. • CDM allows developed countries to invest in projects that reduce emissions or store carbon in forest in developing countries such as Cambodia. • The RGC ratified the Kyoto Protocol in July 2002, and is therefore eligible for CDM activities.
Recommendation • Capacity building through implementing pilot CDM projects are necessary. • Establish sustainable development criteria and investment priority areas for forestry CDM projects. • Giving high priority to reforestation, which will include large-scale plantation and CF. • Network building among entities interested in CDM between Cambodia and developed country.
