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Ohio. Formation, State Government and Constitution, and Miscellaneous Facts. Formation of Ohio. Ohio was once a part of the Northwest Territory. The Land Ordinance of 1785.
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Ohio Formation, State Government and Constitution, and Miscellaneous Facts
The Land Ordinance of 1785 • The ordinance discussed how the government would measure, divide, and distribute the land it had acquired from Great Britain at the end of the American Revolution. • The land was divided and put up for sale to settlers, because the government was having money problems due to the war. • Division of Land: divided into townships or city is 36 square miles, which were then divided into one-square mile. • Each section received a number, and Section 16 was reserved only for public schools. • This was right in the middle of the town, so that all children could go to school and make it required.
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 • This was a means of states joining the union through the admission process. • The government wanted to admit new states, instead of expanding the existing states. • It includes the land in Michigan, Indiana, Wisconsin, Ohio, and Illinois. • Requirements • to have a population of at least 60,000 • to have a governor, secretary, and three judges • To include a bill of rights • a drafted states constitution
Becoming a State • On February 19, 1803 Congress passed an act stating that the citizens of Ohio had adopted a constitution in accordance with the 1802 enabling act and the said state had become one of the United States of America. • The Ohio General Assembly met for the first time in Chillicothe on March 1, 1803, the date Ohioans now celebrate as Statehood Day.
State Capitals • Chillicothe: 1803 - 1809 • Zanesville: 1809 - 1812 • Chillicothe: 1812 - 1816 • Columbus: 1816 - present
State Government State has 3 branches of government
The Executive Branch • Headed by Governor of Ohio • John Kasich • Lieutenant Governor (like the VP) • Mary Taylor • Secretary of State (elections, business in Ohio, all records) • Treasurer (in charge of the money) • Auditor (watchdog for the state) • Attorney General (state lawyer) • State Board of Education (torturers)
U.S. Presidents from Ohio • William Henry Harrison • Ulysses S. Grant • Rutherford B. Hayes • James A. Garfield • Benjamin Harrison • William McKinley • William H. Taft • Warren G. Harding
The Judicial Branch • Three Levels in Ohio • Court of Common Pleas • District Court System • Ohio Supreme Court • Supreme Court Justices • Must retire by age 70 • Elected to 6-year terms on a non-partisan ballot
The Legislative Branch • Two House Congress—called the General Assembly (it’s the 130th) • Senators: 33 • Representatives: 99 • Meet at the State House (Executive Branch offices are on the first floor)
The Beginnings • Name came from the Iroquois word ohi-yo • Means “great river” or “large creek” • Admitted in 1803 • Considered a Midwestern State • Known as the Buckeye State
Breakdown of Ohio • 88 counties in Ohio • Ashtabula is Ohio’s largest county with 711 square miles • Lake is Ohio’s smallest county with 232 square miles • Cities: • #1. Columbus – 787,033 • #2. Cleveland – 396,815 • #3. Cincinnati – 296,943 • #4. Toledo – 287,208 • #10. Lorain – 64,097 • #14. Elyria – 54,533
Compared to Other States… • 34th largest state in the United States • 17th state admitted into the Union • Ranked 7th among the 50 state in population
Our Flag • Accepted in 1902 • The triangles formed on the flag represent the hills and valleys • Stripes represent the roads and waterways • 13 stars represent original 13 states in the Union • Circles represents the Northwest Territory
State Emblems • State Bird • Cardinal • State Flower • Carnation • State Insect • Ladybug • State Animal • White-tailed Deer • State Tree • Buckeye • State Seal • illustrates Ohio’s diverse geography • In the background stands Mount Logan and the Scioto River • In the freshly harvested wheat field stands a wheat bushel and 17 arrows since we’re the 17th state in the Union • The sun has 13 rays protruding outward, representing the original 13 colonies.
Why Visit Ohio? • Cedar Point • Serpent Mound • Lake Erie • Ohio Stadium – the “Horseshoe” • Rock and Roll Hall of Fame • Kings Island