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Population Geography

Population Geography. Population Geography: Demography. Attempts to answer the question: Who are these people? Ethnicity Religion Language Income (GDP pc) Literacy Population Growth. Birth Rate Death Rate Infant Mortality Rate Life Expectancy Migration Rates …and more!.

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Population Geography

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  1. Population Geography

  2. Population Geography:Demography Attempts to answer the question: Who are these people? • Ethnicity • Religion • Language • Income (GDP pc) • Literacy • Population Growth • Birth Rate • Death Rate • Infant Mortality Rate • Life Expectancy • Migration Rates • …and more!

  3. Ethnicity

  4. Religion Protestant Orthodox Shi’a Islam Catholic Sunni Islam

  5. Map of Islam(Muslims)

  6. Two Sects of Islam: Shi’a vs. Sunni

  7. Eastern Europe: “Melting Pot?” • Most speak Russian: lingua franca • Russia / USSR has existed for centuries • MUCH diversity • Much autonomy Shatterbelt of Shatterbelts?: Balkanization • Gradual shrinking of power / area • Nationalism • Secessions / Liberation Movements • Cultures not unified

  8. Two Examples… Dagestan (Russian federal subject) Former Yugoslavia (country)

  9. Former Yugoslavia COUNTRY RELIGION ETHNICITY Slovenia 58% Catholic 83% Slovene Croatia 88% Catholic 90% Croat Bosnia 40% Islam 43% Bosnian 30% Orthodox 31% Serb 15% Catholic 17% Croat Macedonia 64% Orthodox 64% Macedonian 33% Islam 25% Albanian Serbia 85% Orthodox 65% Serb 14% Hungarian Montenegro 74% Orthodox 43% Montenegrin 18% Islam 24% Serb 13% Albanian Kosovo 70% Islam 88% Albanian

  10. Former Yugoslavia Today Slovenia 1990 Croatia 1991 Bosnia 1992 Macedonia 1992 Serbia (remained “Yugoslavia” with Montenegro until 2003) Montenegro 2006 Kosovo 2008 Vojvodina? PRISTINA Kosovo

  11. Population Statistics • Birth Rate per 1,000 • Death Rate per 1,000 • Rate of Natural Increase (RNI) per 1,000 • Overall Population Growth Rate • Infant Mortality Rate per 1,000 • Life Expectancy • Literacy Rate • GDP per capita

  12. Birth and Death Rates (CIA World Factbook) BR DR BR DR Tajikistan 26 6 Turkey 18 6 Turkmenistan 17 5 Azerbaijan 17 7 U.S 14 8 Moldova 13 13 Albania 12 6 Armenia 13 8 Macedonia 12 9 Russia 12 14 Cyprus 11 6 Slovakia 11 10 Belarus 11 14 Croatia 10 12 Estonia 10 14 Latvia 10 14 Ukraine 10 16 Poland 10 10 Bosnia 9 9 Greece 9 10 Slovenia 9 11 Romania 9 12 Hungary 9 13Bulgaria 9 14 Serbia 9 14 Germany 8 11

  13. Rate of Natural Increase RNI* Birth Rate - Death Rate RNI * Does NOT include population changes due to migration!

  14. Rate of Natural Increase RNI RNI Tajikistan 20 Turkey 12 Turkmenistan 12 Azerbaijan 10 U.S 6 Albania 6 Cyprus 5 Armenia 5 Macedonia 3 Slovakia 1 Moldova 0 Poland 0 Bosnia 0 Greece - 1 Croatia - 2 Slovenia - 2 Czech - 2 Russia - 2 Germany - 3 Romania - 3 Belarus - 3 Estonia - 4 Latvia - 4 Hungary - 4 Serbia - 5 Bulgaria - 5 Ukraine - 6

  15. Rate of Natural Increase

  16. Russians get day off to procreate, then win prizes The Denver Post 12/24/2007 Moscow - A Russian region of Ulyanovsk has found a novel way to fight the nation's birth-rate crisis: It has declared Sept. 12 the Day of Conception and for the third year running is giving couples time off from work to procreate. The hope is for a brood of babies exactly nine months later on Russia's national day. Couples who "give birth to a patriot" during the June 12 festivities win money, cars, refrigerators and other prizes. Russia, with one-seventh of Earth's land surface, has just 141.4 million citizens, making it one of the most sparsely settled countries in the world. With a low birth rate and a high death rate, the population has been shrinking since the early 1990s. In his state-of-the-nation address last year, President Vladimir Putin called the demographic crisis the most acute problem facing Russia and announced a broad effort to boost Russia's birth rate, including cash incentives to families that have more than one child. The 2007 grand prize went to Irina and Andrei Kartuzov, who received a UAZ-Patriot, a sport utility vehicle. Other contestants won video cameras, TVs, refrigerators and washing machines.

  17. Population Growth Rate* RNI + In-migration - Out-migration = PGR * Includes population changes due to migration!

  18. Population Growth Rate (per 1,000)includes emi/immigration Russia -1 Greece -1 Czech -1 Croatia -1 Slovenia -2 Germany -2 Hungary -2 Belarus -2 Romania -3 Serbia -5 Ukraine -6 Latvia -6 Estonia -7 Bulgaria -8 Moldova -10 Tajikistan 18 Cyprus 16 Turkey 12 Turkmenistan 11 Azerbaijan 10 U.S 9 Albania 3 Macedonia 2 Armenia 1 Slovakia 1 Montenegro 0 Poland 0 Bosnia 0

  19. Population Growth Rate

  20. Life Expectancy

  21. But what about Literacy Rate? Azerbaijan 99 Russia 100 Tajikistan 100 Ukraine 100 Turkmenistan 99 Moldova 99 Kyrgyzstan 99 Belarus 100 Baltics 100 Uzbekistan 99 Armenia 100 Bulgaria 98 Turkey 87 Romania 97 Hungary 99 Serbia 96 Poland 100 Slovakia 100 Macedonia 96 Croatia 98 Georgia 100 Czech 99 Slovenia 100 Albania 99 Cyprus 98 Bosnia 97 U.S 99 Greece 96 Germany 99

  22. GDPpcvs. Literacy Rate COUNTRY LR %GDPpc COUNTRY LR % Albania 99$7,800 El Salvador 81 Ukraine 100$7,200 Algeria 70 Armenia 100$5,400 Paraguay 94 Georgia 100$5,400 Sri Lanka 91 Kyrgyzstan 99$2,400 Papua New Guinea 57 Moldova 99$3,400 Gambia 40 Tajikistan 100$2,000 Senegal 39 Turkmenistan 99$7,500 Guyana 91 Uzbekistan 99$3,300 Vietnam 94 • Impact and Legacy of Socialism!

  23. Language 600 • There are at least living languages in Europe! • All languages are part of a Language Family • i.e. English, French, Czech, Persian, Bengali: all part of a language family • Language families determined by historical geography

  24. European Languages Abaza, Abkhaz, Aghul, Akhvakh, Albanian, Andi, Anglo-Romani, Aragonese, Archi, Armenian, Aromanian, Asturian, Avar, Azerbaijani, Bagvalal, Balkan- Gagauz-Turkish, Balkan-Romani, Balkar, Baltic-Romani, Barranquenho, Bashkir, Basque, Bats, Belarusian, Bezhta, Bohtan, Bosnian, Botlikh, Breton, Budukh, Bulgarian, Cappadocian, Carpathian, Romani, Catalan, Chamalal, Champenois, Chechen, Chuvash, Circassian, Cornish, Corsican, Crimean, Tatar-Croatian, Cypriot-Arabic, Czech, Danish, Danish Traveller, Dgèrnésiais, Domari, Dutch, English, Eonavian, Erzya, Esperanto, Estonian, Fala, Faroese, Finnish, Franco-Provençal, French, Frisian, Frisian Wymysojer, Friulian, Gagauz, Galician, Gallo, Georgian, German, Ghodoberi, Greek, Gruzinic, Gutnish, Hinukh, Hungarian, Hunzib, Iberian-Romani, Icelandic, Ingrian, Ingush, Irish, Istriot, Istro-Romanian, Italian, Italkian, Izhorian, Jakati, Jèrriais, Juhuri, Kabardian, Kalmyk, Kalo-Finnish-Romani, Karachay, Karaim, Karata, Karelian, Kashubian, Khalaj, Khinalug, Khvarshi, Komi, Komi-Permyak, Krymchak, Kryts, Kumyk, Kurdish, Ladino, Lak, Latin, Latvian, Lezgi, Limburgish, Lithuanian, Livonian, Livvi, Lomavren, Lorraine, Low Saxon, Ludic, Luxembourgish, Macedonian, Maghrebi Arabic, Maltese, Manx, Mari, Megleno-Romanian, Megrelian, Meskhetian, Mirandese, Moksha, Moldovan, Monégasque, Montenegrin, Nenets, Nogai, Norman Frisian, Norwegian, Norwegian Traveller, Occitan, Ossetic, Palityan, Picard, Poitevin-Saintongeais, Polari, Polish, Pontic, Portuguese, Quinqui, Rifi, Romanian, Romano-Greek, Romani, Romansh, Russian, Ruthenian, Rutul, Sami, Sardinian, Sater Frisian, Scanian, Scots, Scottish Gaelic, Serbian, Shelta, Sinte, Slovak, Slovenian, Sorbian, Spanish, Svan, Swedish, Tabasaran, Taleshi, Tat, Tatar, Tavringer Romani, Tindi Traveller, Scottish, Tsakhur, Tsakonian, Tsez, Turkish, Turkmen, Tver Karelian, Udi, Udmurt, Ukrainian, Urum, Veps, Vlakh Romani, Võro-Seto, Votic, Walloon, Welsh, Welsh Romani, Yeniche, Yiddish

  25. Language Divisions Language Family: Indo-European Language Branch: Slavic Language Group: East Slavic West Slavic South Slavic Languages: E: Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian W: Polish, Czech, Slovak S: Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Bulgarian, etc.

  26. Language Families of Europe • Indo-European • Finno-Ugric • Turkic

  27. Diffusion of Languages Indo-European

  28. Alexander the Great

  29. Indo-European Branches { BalticGermanic RomanceSlavic Latvian German RomanianRussian Lithuanian MoldovanCzech Polish Slovak Bulgarian Slovenian Croatian Serbian Belarusian Ukrainian Macedonian Bosnian Montenegrin “Mutually Intelligible”

  30. Slavic Language Branch “BEER” Polish: Piwo Czech: Pivo Croatian: Pivo Russian: Pibo Bulgarian: Pibo

  31. Finno-Ugric Branches Last native speaker died in ‘09 Finnic Ugric (Magyar)

  32. Magyar (Hungarian) It’s quite different…

  33. Turkic Branches West Turkic East Turkic

  34. One more Indo-European branch… Indo-Aryan Languages “Aryan” = Indian-Iranian (“Southern / Central Asian”)

  35. Indo-Aryan Languages Hindustani: 550 million Bengali: 200 million Punjabi: 100 million Marathi: 75 million Gujarati 50 million Oriya 30 million Sindhi25 million Romani 5 million

  36. Gypsies Kalderash Dom False Romans Sinti Gitanos Calé Ciganos Luli Manush… Roma

  37. Where did the Roma come from? “Gypsy” = Egypt?

  38. Roma Migration India! ~1000 A.D.

  39. Chakra Roma Flag India Flag

  40. Roma Migration Chakra ≠ Migration So why did they migrate? • For Work? • The Weather? • Fun? • Cabin Fever?

  41. All of the above? • The answer remains unclear. • However, generally speaking, it is believed by most researchers that the Roma did not migrate by choice or for seasonal reasons. • The most widely-accepted theory is to escape persecution: • Many invasions into India over time • Enslaved frequently • Migration continual once left India • Became minority population outside of India • Outsiders

  42. Roma Timeline c. 800-950: Groups leave northern India for Persia and Armenia. 1000: Roma reach Byzantine empire 1300s: Roma already in Wallachia and Serbia, viewed as Muslims and enslaved. 1445: Prince VladDracul of Wallachia transports some 12,000 persons "who looked like Egyptians" from Bulgaria for slave labor. 1471: The first Anti-Gypsy laws are passed in Switzerland. 1471:17,000 Roma are transported into Moldavia for slave labor. 1492: Spanish Inquisition: Anti-Gypsy laws, identified as heretics 1493:Roma are expelled from Milan. 1498: Four Gypsies accompany Columbus to the Americas. 1502: Louis XII expels the Roma from France. 1526: Henry VIII expels the Roma from England: leave or die. 1538: Portugal expels Roma to Brazil. 1554: England passes a law stating being a Gypsy is punishable by death 1560: In Sweden, the Lutherans forbid any dealings with Roma. 1589: Denmark: death to any Roma caught in the country. 1619: Spain to Roma: Settle down or punishable by death. 1885: Roma excluded by U.S. immigration policy; many returned to Europe. 1917: New Jersey passes “Anti-Roma” law 1936-1945: Nazis begin systematic persecution of Roma

  43. Eastern EuropeWestern Europe Country PopulationCountry Population Albania 95,000 Austria 22,500 Belarus 2,500 Belgium 12,500 B & H 45,000 Cyprus 750 Bulgaria 750,000Denmark 1,750 Croatia 35,000 Finland 8,000 Czech Republic 275,000 France 310,000 Estonia 1,250 Germany 120,000 Hungary 575,000Greece 180,000 Latvia 2,750 Ireland 25,000 Lithuania 3,500 Italy 100,000 Macedonia 240,000 Luxembourg 125 Moldova 22,500 Netherlands 37,500 Poland 45,000 Norway 750 Romania 2,150,000Portugal 45,000 Russia 310,000 Spain 725,000 SAM 725,000Sweden 17,500 Slovakia 500,000Switzerland 32,500 Slovenia 9,000 Turkey 400,000 Ukraine 55,000 U.K. 105,000 Total 5,851,500Total 2,143,875

  44. Roma Populations Why different estimates? Advantages? Disadvantages?

  45. * * Estimated from 500,000 (official) to 5,000,000

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