Charles I of England

1. Charles I of England By Corynne, Chase and Caroline

2. Charles I of England • Born on November 19, 1600 in Dumferline Castle, Fife Scotland • Died on January 30, 1649 in London, England • Reign of 1625-1649 • Ruled in England, Scotland, and Ireland http://economicsisfordonkeys.blogspot.com/2012/01/remembering-charles-i.html By Corynne, Chase and Caroline

3. Historical Background/ Rise to Power • Second son of the Scottish King James VI and Queen Anne of Denmark • Grandmother was Mary, Queen of Scots • Brother was Henry • Was weak as a child, from rickets • Education taught by James, learned to speak French, Spanish and Italian • 1612: Prince Henry, died giving Charles the apparent to the throne • 1625: King James died, Charles took the throne • Rid the royal presence of drunkard and catamites, his court was well-organized • Convened Parliament every year but one between 1625 and 1629

4. Successes • In 1628, he was accepted the Petition of Right, a document that was drawn up by parliament which insisted her ruled by laws • Petition of Right is a document written by the English Parliament; declared unconstitutional certain actions of the king such as levying taxes without consent • Government and politics • In 1625 he was crowned King of England and Scotland • He dismissed 3rd parliament, arrested opponents, and declared that he was ruling along • In 1630 he made peace with France and Spain

5. Failures • Many of his English subjects opposed his actions • Charles fails to arrest five Members of Parliament • He escaped custody from the Hampton Court and he flees to Isle of Wight • Because of that he was convicted to high treason and sentenced to death

6. How Others Viewed Him • Mixed opinions • Some thought he didn’t lead his people through any transformation or success • “Lacked understanding and imagination” • “Selfish” • “Thought of himself and money before his people”

7. Influence on England’s History • Signed Petition of Right. “He pledged himself not to imprison any subject without cause, not to collect taxes unauthorized by Parliament, not to billet (put/hire) soldiers on his subjects’ property, and not to declare martial law in time of peace.” • Chose to rule without parliament (assembly of three estates) • Because of him, ship money soon became illegal after his death

8. Conflicts • Broke off engagement to Spain’s infanta (daughter of Spain’s king) • The King gained most of the income he needed from impositions, taking advantage of older laws, forced loans, keeping his items to himself/being selfish and, above all, ship money (extended in 1635 from ports to the whole country). These measures made him very unpopular and not many people wanted him as the King.

9. Legacy • The Colony of Carolina in North America – which later separated into North Carolina and South Carolina – was named after Charles I of England • To the north in the Virginia Colony, Cape Charles, Charles River Shire and the Charles City Shire were all also named after him • He named the “Charles River” after himself

10. Opinion of our Monarch • From the information that I gathered about Charles I of England, I think that he was a ruler that wanted everything to go his way. For example, he got rid of many things he did not like and his government was organized in his favor, which caused things to work out the way he wanted most of the time. Also, Charles I of England had an assassination of Buckingham because he accepted the Petition of Rights in hoping that Parliament would help him, but they didn’t. So, I think that he wasn’t a good king because he hoped for things instead of working for it. • In my opinion, Charles I of England is very selfish. He thinks of himself before his people and  was somewhat of a failure to me. I think he didn't lead England through any major transformations or successes. He might have had a few points in his ruling where he was seen as a true king. For example, he took advantage of his power and tried to get all the money he could. He forced loans, took advantage of older laws and ship money when it extended. Personally, Charles I of England was not a very great ruler.

11. Opinion of our Monarch • In my opinion, my view of Charles I of England was that even though he signed the Petition of Rights, he didn’t seem like he was the type of person that wanted to follow the rules. Since he was crowned King, he wanted to rule on his own without any rules but he couldn’t do that. In the end, he ended up getting executed because he failed to follow the Petition of Rights and remained defiant by trying to form an alliance with Scotland.

12. Bibliography • Bone, Quentin. "Charles I." Great Lives from History: The Seventeenth Century. Ed. Larissa Juliet Taylor. Salem Press, 2006. Salem History Web. 25 Apr. 2013. • "Accomplishments - King Charles I." Accomplishments - King Charles I. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Apr. 2013. • "World Book Online Reference Center | Online Reference Book| Online Encyclopedia." World Book. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2013. • "World Book Online Reference Center | Online Reference Book| Online Encyclopedia." World Book. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2013.