AP BIO Review Membranes and Transport

1. AP BIO ReviewMembranes and Transport Kelly RiedellBrookings Biology Remember: Biology is more than "just the facts". It's all about connections.(That said... you have to know the vocab and concepts to be able to see the "big picture" and make those connections)

2. Name the kind of transport that moves molecules from high concentration to low across a membrane without using energyand without the help of any carriers or vesicles DIFFUSION

3. Image by Riedell mass of a dissolved substance in a given volume concentration The difference in the concentrationof molecules across a space Concentration gradient VOCAB

4. Campbell Concept check After the cell is placed in the beaker, which of the following changes will occur? A. The artificial cell will become more flaccid. B. The artificial cell will become more turgid. C. Some water molecules will flow out of the cell, but the majority will flow in. D. The membrane potential will decrease E. In spite of the inability of sucrose to cross the cell membrane, eventually the two solutions will become isotonic. B, C, E are correct 2.B.2.a.3. External environments can be hypotonic, hypertonic or isotonic to internal environments of cells.LO 2.12. The student is able to use representations and models to analyze situations or solve problems qualitatively and quantitatively to investigate whether dynamic homeostasis is maintained by the active movement of molecules across membranes [See SP 1.4] 

5. Images from: http://oerpub.github.io/epubjs-demo-book/resources/1225_Chemical_Synapse.jpg neurotransmitters Increased Ca++ at the presynapticterminal causes the release of chemical signals called_________________ into the synaptic cleft. These are released by which type of transport processshown by C in the diagram? It is passive active exocytosis Essential knowledge 3.E.2: Animals have nervous systems that detect external and internal signals, transmit and integrate  information, and produce responses.     a. The neuron is the basic structure of the nervous system that reflects function.              Evidence of student learning is a demonstrated understanding of each of the following:          2. The structure of the neuron allows for the detection, generation, transmission and integration of signal information.LO 3.44 The student is able to describe how nervous systems detect external and internal signals. [See SP 1.2] LO 3.45 The student is able to describe how nervous systems transmit information. [See SP 1.2]

6. http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lecturesf04am/sucrosepump.jpghttp://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lecturesf04am/sucrosepump.jpg Name this kind of transport in which transport of one substance DOWN its gradient is coupled to the movement of another moving UP the gradient. cotransport VOCAB

7. Diffusion continues until the concentration of molecules is equal throughout the space. This is called _____________ equilibrium Essential knowledge 2.B.2: Growth and dynamic homeostasis are maintained by the constant movement of molecules across membranes. 

8. http://www.tqnyc.org/NYC040844/animalcells.htm Which of these proteins is a peripheral protein? B; sticks on the surface of the membrane 2.B.1.b.1 Cell membranes consist of a structural framework of phospholipid molecules, embedded proteins, cholesterol, glycoproteins, and glycolipids.

9. hypertonic This egg shrank smaller because it was placed in a _____________ liquid. Essential knowledge 2.B.2: Growth and dynamic homeostasis are maintained by the constant movement of molecules across membranes.  a. Passive transport does not require the input of metabolic energy; the net movement of molecules is from high concentration to low concentration.  Evidence of student learning is a demonstrated understanding of each of the following:  3. External environments can be hypotonic, hypertonic or isotonic to internal environments of cells.LO 2.12 The student is able to use representations and models to analyze situations or solve problems qualitatively and quantitatively to investigate whether dynamic homeostasis is maintained by the active movement of molecules across membranes. [See SP 1.4]  

10. This type of transport which opens in response to a signal and forms a “tunnel” through the membrane to let ions in or out is called a(n) _______________ Name some types of signals that could open the gate Gated ion channel Signals can be electrical OR chemical (ligands) How are gated ion channels used in sending a nerve signal? In response to a stimulus, Na+ and K+ gated channels sequentially open and cause the membrane to become locally depolarized. This is passed along the nerve axon toward the synapse at end 3.E.2.b.2. In response to a stimulus, Na+ and K+ gated channels sequentially open and cause the membrane to become locally depolarized. This is passed along the nerve axon toward the synapse at end LO 3.45 The student is able to describe how nervous systems transmit information

11. http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBooktransp.html#Vesicle-mediated%20transporthttp://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBooktransp.html#Vesicle-mediated%20transport The pulling away of the cell membrane from the cell wall in plant cells when placed in a hypertonic environment is called _______________________ A plant cell that has lost water and is “limp” is called _____________________ plasmolysis flaccid VOCAB

12. negative Electrogenic pumps create voltage across cell membranes making the cytoplasm more _______________ than the extracellular fluid. negative positive The water potential ψ for pure water at atmospheric pressure is ______ The addition of solutes ___________ the solute potential. increases decreases zero decreases

13. Image from: http://baileyb.pbworks.com/f/1391453862/Cell%20Surface%20to%20volume.gif Explain the relationship between cell size and surface area/volume ratios. As cells increase in size both surface area and volume increase, but volume increases at a faster rate.So SA/volume ratio decreases as cells grow bigger. Essential knowledge 2.A.3: Organisms must exchange matter with the environment to grow, reproduce and maintain organization.   b. Surface area-to-volume ratios affect a biological system's ability to obtain necessary resources or eliminate waste products.       1. As cells increase in volume, the relative surface area decreases and demand for material resources increases; more cellular            structures are necessary to adequately exchange materials and energy with the environment. These limitations restrict cell size.  2. The surface area of the plasma membrane must be large enough to adequately exchange materials; smaller cells have a              more  favorable surface area-to-volume ratio for exchange of materials with the environment. LO 2.6 The student is able to use calculated surface area-to-volume ratios to predict which cell(s) might eliminate wastes or procure nutrients faster by diffusion. [See SP 2.2]

14. Channels and carriers Name the two types of transport proteins that carry out facilitated diffusion Which of these would increase membrane fluidity? a) greater proportion of unsaturated phospholipids b) greater proportion of saturated phospholipids c) a lower temperature d) relatively high protein content in membrane e) greater proportion of relatively large glycolipids compared to lipids having smaller molecular masses Campbell Ch 7 self quiz A

15. http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBooktransp.html#Vesicle-mediated%20transporthttp://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBooktransp.html#Vesicle-mediated%20transport The swelling of plant cells when placed in a hypotonic environment ______________ the osmotic pressure inside the cell increases decreases We would say the cell is ________ turgid flaccid increase turgid VOCAB

16. Images from: http://oerpub.github.io/epubjs-demo-book/resources/1225_Chemical_Synapse.jpg Depolarization of nerve cell membrane causes the A protein inthe diagram to allow the influx of which ion to trigger the release neurotransmitters? Which type of transporter protein is this? It is passive active Ca++ ION CHANNEL Essential knowledge 3.E.2: Animals have nervous systems that detect external and internal signals, transmit and integrate  information, and produce responses.     a. The neuron is the basic structure of the nervous system that reflects function.              Evidence of student learning is a demonstrated understanding of each of the following:          2. The structure of the neuron allows for the detection, generation, transmission and integration of signal information. LO 3.44 The student is able to describe how nervous systems detect external and internal signals. [See SP 1.2] LO 3.45 The student is able to describe how nervous systems transmit information. [See SP 1.2]

17. Sodium-potassium pump Which type of transport maintains the membrane potential in animal cells? Molecules that bind specifically to a receptor site on another molecule are called ____________ Name the kind of bulk transport process you learned about in which ligands are involved in the uptake of molecules ligands Receptor mediated endocytosis

18. http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBooktransp.html#Vesicle-mediated%20transporthttp://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBooktransp.html#Vesicle-mediated%20transport The swelling and bursting of animal cells when placed in a hypotonic environment is called _________________ The shrinking and shriveling up of animal cells when placed in a hypertonic environment is called ___________________ cytolysis crenation VOCAB

19. integral Carrier proteins like this one are __________ proteins. Integral peripheral Carbon dioxide and oxygen move across membranes in cells by _________________ Diffusion VOCAB

20. http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/rectpr.htmhttp://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/rectpr.htm Name this kind of transport that enables the cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances The molecules that bind to these receptors are called _________ Give an example of a molecule that moves into cells in this way _________________ Receptor mediated endocytosis ligands CholesterolLDL ligands bind receptors and attached cholesterol is taken into cell 2.B.2.b. Membrane proteins are necessary for active transport. 2.B.2.c The processes of endocytosis and exocytosis move large molecules from the external environment to the internal environment and vice versa, respectively 2.B.2.c.1.2 In endocytosis, the cell takes in macromolecules and particulate matter by forming new vesicles derived from the plasma membrane.

21. hypotonic This egg grew bigger because it was placed in a ______________ liquid. Essential knowledge 2.B.2: Growth and dynamic homeostasis are maintained by the constant movement of molecules across membranes.  a. Passive transport does not require the input of metabolic energy; the net movement of molecules is from high concentration to low concentration.  Evidence of student learning is a demonstrated understanding of each of the following:  3. External environments can be hypotonic, hypertonic or isotonic to internal environments of cells. LO 2.12 The student is able to use representations and models to analyze situations or solve problems qualitatively and quantitatively to investigate whether dynamic homeostasis is maintained by the active movement of molecules across membranes. [See SP 1.4]  

22. USE lower and higher to complete the following: Water always moves from an area with ________ water potential to an area with _______ water potential. Water with solutes dissolved in it in an open beaker will have a ______water potential than distilled water. higher lower lower

23. http://bio.winona.edu/berg/ANIMTNS/facdifan.gif Which kind of membrane protein binds glucose, changes conformation, and flips it across the membrane? Carrier protein Which kind of membrane protein that moves Ca++ or Cl- passively across membranes Ion channels 2.B.2.a. Membrane proteins play a role in facilitated diffusion of charged and polar molecules through a membrane.

24. Image from: http://www.quia.com/files/quia/users/lmcgee/membranetransport/aquaporin.gif Explain why water molecules can’t move across cell membranes without the help of aquaporin channel proteins. Water is a polar moleculeand therefore can’t passthrough the hydrophobic phospholipid tails in the middle of the lipid bilayer.Aquaporins provide a way through without touching those phobic tails. LO 2.10 The student is able to use representations and models to pose scientific questions about the properties of cell membranes and selective permeability based on molecular structure [See SP 1.4, 3.1]

25. membrane protein Tell if the transport uses Vesicles membrane proteins Needs NO HELP Facilitated diffusion ___________________ Osmosis ____________________ Na + - K+ pump ____________________ Diffusion ____________________ Endocytosis _______________________ Exocytosis ________________________ Ion channels ________________________ Proton pump _________________ Cotransport __________________ membrane protein (aquaporins) membrane protein needs no help vesicle vesicle membrane protein membrane protein membrane protein Essential knowledge 2.B.2: Growth and dynamic homeostasis are maintained by the constant movement of molecules  across membranes.a. 2. Membrane proteins play a role in facilitated diffusion of charged and polar molecules through a membrane.

26. Image from: http://www.d.umn.edu/~sdowning/Membranes/membraneImages/jpegimages/diffusionmedium.jpg A membrane that lets certain molecules pass through and not others is called _______________ Which part of a cell membrane is responsible for this property? Semi permeable OR selectively permeable Phobic tails of the phospholipids Essential knowledge 2.B.1.b. Selective permeability is a direct consequence of membrane structure , as described by the fluid mosaic model [ See also 4.A.1]

27. Describes molecules that try to stay away from water or other polar molecules Hydrophobic; non-polar Scale used to measure acidity pH Vocab

28. Image from: https://askabiologist.asu.edu/sites/default/files/resources/activities/body_depot/venom/aquaporin_cartoon_large.jpg Identify the location of hydrophobic and hydrophilic R-groups in the integral proteins that make uptransport proteins in cell membranes. Essential knowledge 4.A.1. The subcomponents of biological molecules and their sequence determine the properties of that molecule.. a.2 The R groups of an amino acid can be categorized by chemical properties (hydrophobic, hydrophilic and ionic) and the interactions of these R groups determine structure and function of that region of the protein [1.D.1, 2.A.3, 2.B.1] 2.B.1.3. Embedded proteins can be hydrophilic, with charged and polar side groups, or hydrophobic, with nponpolar side groups

29. http://www.biologymad.com/NervousSystem/nakpump.gif Sodium-potassium pump Name this kind of transport Give an example of how this might be used in a cell. Na+-K+ pumps are main electrogenic pumps in eukaryotic cells. Ex: In nerve cells they set up the potential across cell membranes which allows the nerve cell to then be depolarized to send a nerve signal. Essential knowledge 2.B.2: Growth and dynamic homeostasis are maintained by the constant movement of molecules across membranes.      b. Active transport requires free energy to move molecules from regions of low concentration to regions of high concentration.       1. Active transport is a process where free energy (often provided by ATP) is used by proteins embedded in the membrane to  "move" molecules and/or ions across the membrane and to establish and maintain concentration gradients.             2. Membrane proteins are necessary for active transport. Essential knowledge 3.E.2: Animals have nervous systems that detect external and internal signals, transmit and integrate information, and produce responses. 1. Membranes of neurons are polarized by the establishment of electrical potentials across the membranes.         3. Na+/K+ pumps, powered by ATP, work to maintain membrane potential.

30. Animation from: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.html http://www.accs.net/users/kriel/chapter%20nine/ Name this kind of transport used by bacteria or protists to take in food or white blood cells to engulf bacteria Endocytosis (phagocytosis) Essential knowledge 2.B.2: Growth and dynamic homeostasis are maintained by the constant movement of molecules across membranes. c. The processes of endocytosis and exocytosis move large molecules from the external environment to the internal environment and vice versa, respectively.     Evidence of student learning is a demonstrated understanding of each of the following:    2. In endocytosis, the cell takes in macromolecules and particulate matter by forming new vesicles derived from the plasma membrane

31. Image from: http://www.quia.com/files/quia/users/lmcgee/membranetransport/aquaporin.gif osmosis Process by which water molecules move from higher to lower concentration across a selectively permeable membrane. Osmosis is _______ transport. Name the membrane channel proteins that help move water across membranes. passive aquaporins 2.B.2.a Passive transport does not require the input of metabolic energy; the net movement of molecules is from high concentration to low concentration 2.B.2.a.2. Membrane proteins play a role in facilitated diffusion of charged and polar molecules through a membrane2.B.1.b.4 Water moves across membranes and through channel proteins called aquaporins

32. Look at the diagram showing sucrose COTRANSPORT Decreasing extracellular pH would have what effect on sucrose transport into the cell? Movement of sucrose into cell is dependent on H+ ions moving down their concentration gradient. More H+ ions outside cell meansmore sucrose transport in. DECREASING extracellular pH means there are MORE H+ ions outside the cell. So this would increase the movement of sucrose in. LO 2.12 The student is able to use representations and models to analyze situations or solve problems qualitatively and quantitatively is investigate whether dynamic homeostasis is maintained by the active movement of molecules across membranes. [See SP 1.4]

33. Campbell Concept check An artificial cell consisting of an aqueous solution enclosed in a selectively permeable membrane has just been immersed in a beaker containing a different solution. The membrane is permeable to water and to the simple sugars glucose and fructose, but completely impermeable to the disacchride sucrose. Which solute(s) will exhibit a net diffusion into the cell? Which solute(s) will exhibit a net diffusion out of the cell? fructose glucose 2.B.2.a.3. External environments can be hypotonic, hypertonic or isotonic to internal environments of cells.LO 2.12. The student is able to use representations and models to analyze situations or solve problems qualitatively and quantitatively to investigate whether dynamic homeostasis is maintained by the active movement of molecules across membranes [See SP 1.4] 

34. EXOCYTOSIS ID this kind of transport Substance is put in a vesicle and transported up to the cell membraneand released OUTSIDE INSIDE OUTSIDECELL CELL Name an organelle that uses this kind of transport to transport substances Golgi Bodies 4.A.2 The structure and function of subcellular components, and their interactions provide essential cellular processes

35. http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgjun99/vidjun1.gif Explain how contractile vacuoles function inosmoregulation insingle celled protists. Organisms that live in fresh water (hypotonic) environments constantly have water entering theircells. Contractile vacuoles collect excess waterand squeeze to release it back into pond tomaintain the balance of ions and water. 2.B.2.a.3. External environments can be hypotonic, hypertonic or isotonic to internal environments of cells.LO 2.12. The student is able to use representations and models to analyze situations or solve problems qualitatively and quantitatively to investigate whether dynamic homeostasis is maintained by the active movement of molecules across membranes [See SP 1.4]

36. http://www.le.ac.uk/pa/teach/va/anatomy/case2/2_2.html Use what you know about diffusion of molecules to predict which way the oxygen and carbon dioxide will move in your body. O2 and CO2 are both able to move passivelyacross cell membranes without assistance.Molecules always move from areas of higherconcentration to areas of lower concentration O2 concentrations are higher in alveoli than in blood. CO2 concentrations are higher in the blood than in alveoli.O2 will move from alveoli into blood stream. CO2 will movefrom blood stream into alveoli. Essential knowledge 2.B.1: Cell membranes are selectively permeable due to their structure.       a. 4. Small, uncharged polar molecules and small nonpolar molecules, such as N2, freely pass across the membrane. Essential knowledge 2.B.2: Growth and dynamic homeostasis are maintained by the constant movement of molecules  across membranes.     a. Passive transport does not require the input of metabolic energy; the net movement of molecules is from high concentration to low concentration.          Evidence of student learning is a demonstrated understanding of each of the following:    1. Passive transport plays a primary role in the import of resources and the export of wastes.4.B.2.2. Within multicellular organisms, specialization of organs contributes to the over all functioning of the organismIllustrative example: Exchange of gasesLO 2.12 The student is able to use representations and models to analyze situations or solve problems qualitatively and quantitatively to investigate whether dynamic homeostasis is maintained by the active movement of molecules across membranes. [See SP 1.4]   .

37. Campbell Concept check An artificial cell consisting of an aqueous solution enclosed in a selectively permeable membrane has just been immersed in a beaker containing a different solution. The membrane is permeable to water and to the simple sugars glucose and fructose, but completely impermeable to the disaccharide sucrose. Which solution-the cell or the environment- is hypertonic to the other? In which direction will there be a net osmotic movement of water? Cell (0.05 M) is hypertonic to the environment (0.03 M) Water will move into the cell 2.B.2.a.3. External environments can be hypotonic, hypertonic or isotonic to internal environments of cells.LO 2.12. The student is able to use representations and models to analyze situations or solve problems qualitatively and quantitatively to investigate whether dynamic homeostasis is maintained by the active movement of molecules across membranes [See SP 1.4] 

38. Image from: http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_vacuole.html enter cell Putting plant cells into a HYPOTONIC solution will cause water to __________ enter cell leave cell This will cause a(n) _______ in turgor pressure. Storing water in its _____________ provides the pressure to hold plant upright. increase central vacuole Essential knowledge 2.B.2: Growth and dynamic homeostasis are maintained by the constant movement of molecules across membranes.  a. Passive transport does not require the input of metabolic energy; the net movement of molecules is from high concentration to low concentration.  Evidence of student learning is a demonstrated understanding of each of the following:  3. External environments can be hypotonic, hypertonic or isotonic to internal environments of cells.  LO 2.12 The student is able to use representations and models to analyze situations or solve problems qualitatively and quantitatively to investigate whether dynamic homeostasis is maintained by the active movement of molecules across membranes [See SP1.4]

39. Image from: http://www.lionden.com/graphics/AP/receptor.gif Red hexagon Which of the molecules in this animation representthe ligand? Which of these represent the receptor? This ligand is likely ____________hydrophobic hydrophilic Yellow Hydrophilic Hydrophobic signal molecules can pass through plasma membrane Hydrophilic ones stay outside cell and pass their signal throughsurface receptors. Essential knowledge 3.D.3: Signal transduction pathways link signal reception with cellular response.   a. Signaling begins with the recognition of a chemical messenger, a ligand, by a receptor protein. Evidence of student learning is a demonstrated understanding of each of the following:       2. A receptor protein recognizes signal molecules, causing the receptor protein's shape to change, which initiates transduction of the signal. To foster student understanding of this concept, instructors can choose an illustrative example such as:               •  G-protein linked receptors LO 3.34 The student is able to construct explanations of cell communication through cell-to-cell contact or through chemical signaling. [See SP 6.2]

40. Explain how hydrophilic hormones differ fromhydrophobic ones in their interaction withreceptors Give an example of a second messenger. Hydrophilic hormones attach to receptors on the cell surface which pass the signal internallyby interacting with other proteins (EX: G-proteins or tyrosine kinases)Hydrophobic hormones can pass through cell membranes and interact with intracellular receptors. Cyclic AMP (c-AMP) or Ca++

41. Campbell Concept check 7.3 http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgjun99/vidjun1.gif If a Paramecium were to move from a hypotonic environment to an isotonic one, would contractile vacuole activityincrease or decrease? WHY? It would decrease, because less water would be entering Essential knowledge 2.B.2: Growth and dynamic homeostasis are maintained by the constant movement of molecules across membranes.     a. Passive transport does not require the input of metabolic energy; the net movement of molecules is from high concentration to low concentration. 3. External environments can be hypotonic, hypertonic or isotonic to internal environments of cells.LO 2.12 The student is able to use representations and models to analyze situations or solve problems qualitatively and quantitatively to investigate whether dynamic homeostasis is maintained by the active movement of molecules across membranes. [See SP 1.4] 

42. Which two molecules are the main components in cell plasma membranes? What is the function of the plasma membrane? Phospholipids and proteins Control what enters and leaves cellcompartmentalization (separates inside /outside) Essential knowledge 2.B.1: Cell membranes are selectively permeable due to their structure.     a. Cell membranes separate the internal environment of the cell from the external environment.     b. Selective permeability is a direct consequence of membrane structure, as described by the fluid mosaic model. [See also 4.A.1]        Evidence of student learning is a demonstrated understanding of each of the following:            1. Cell membranes consist of a structural framework of phospholipid molecules, embedded proteins, cholesterol,  glycoproteins and glycolipids.            2. Phospholipids give the membrane both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties. The hydrophilic phosphate portions of the phospholipids are oriented toward the aqueous external or internal environments, while the hydrophobic fatty acid portions face each other within the interior of the membrane itself. 

43. Look at the diagram showing sucrose COTRANSPORT How might adding an inhibitor that blocks the regeneration of ATP impact sucrose transport into the cell? Movement of sucrose into cell is dependent on the H+ gradientcreated by the proton pumps whichrequire ATP to pump H+ ions outof the cell. If availability of ATP is blockedno H+ gradient will be created andsucrose transport into cell will be decreased. LO 2.12 The student is able to use representations and models to analyze situations or solve problems qualitatively and quantitatively is investigate whether dynamic homeostasis is maintained by the active movement of molecules across membranes. [See SP 1.4]

44. http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.htmlhttp://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.html Endocytosis It’s a kind of bulk transport This type of transport is called ___________ It is a type of__________ transport active passive ACTIVE Essential knowledge 2.B.2: Growth and dynamic homeostasis are maintained by the constant movement of molecules across membranes. c. The processes of endocytosis and exocytosis move large molecules from the external environment to the internal environment and vice versa, respectively.     Evidence of student learning is a demonstrated understanding of each of the following:    2. In endocytosis, the cell takes in macromolecules and particulate matter by forming new vesicles derived from the plasma membrane.

45. Graph from: http://www2.sluh.org/bioweb/apbio/labs/apl01potatocoregraph.png hypertonic This graph shows data from potato cores placed in different concentrations of sucrose (A-E) for 80 min.Which solution contained a concentration equal to the concentration in the potatoes? EXPLAIN C- potatoes in this solution didn’t change mass because potatoes were in a solution that was isotonic (concentration in solution = concentration in potatoes Essential knowledge 2.B.2: Growth and dynamic homeostasis are maintained by the constant movement of molecules across membranes.  a. Passive transport does not require the input of metabolic energy; the net movement of molecules is from high concentration to low concentration.  Evidence of student learning is a demonstrated understanding of each of the following:  3. External environments can be hypotonic, hypertonic or isotonic to internal environments of cells.  LO 2.12 The student is able to use representations and models to analyze situations or solve problems qualitatively and quantitatively to investigate whether dynamic homeostasis is maintained by the active movement of molecules across membranes [See SP1.4]

46. http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBooktransp.htmlhttp://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBooktransp.html EXOCYTOSIS ID the kind of transport shown Substance is put in a vesicle and transported up to the cell membraneand released OUTSIDE INSIDE OUTSIDECELL CELL Name an organelle that uses this kind of transport Golgi Bodies Essential knowledge 2.B.2: c. The processes of endocytosis and exocytosis move large molecules from the external environment to the internal environment       and vice versa, respectively. Evidence of student learning is a demonstrated understanding of each of the following:         1. In exocytosis, internal vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane to secrete large macromolecules out of the cell.         2. In endocytosis, the cell takes in macromolecules and particulate matter by forming new vesicles derived from the plasma membrane.

47. PASSIVE PASSIVE Tell if the transport is ACTIVE or PASSIVE Facilitated diffusion ___________ Osmosis ___________ Na+ - K+ pump _________ Diffusion _________ Endocytosis ________ Exocytosis ________ Ion channels _________ Proton pump _________ Cotransport __________ Aquaporins __________ ACTIVE PASSIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE PASSIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE PASSIVE Essential knowledge 2.B.2: Growth and dynamic homeostasis are maintained by the constant movement of molecules across membranes.  a. Passive transport does not require the input of metabolic energy; the net movement of molecules is from high concentration to low concentration. b. Active transport requires free energy to move molecules from regions of low concentration to regions of high concentration. 

48. hypertonic Black dots represent dissolved solute. This diagram represents a animal cell in a _______________ solution.hypotonic isotonic hypertonic This cell will probably ___________ shrink swell & burst stay the same size This process is called _____________ shrink crenation Essential knowledge 2.B.2: Growth and dynamic homeostasis are maintained by the constant movement of molecules across membranes.  a. Passive transport does not require the input of metabolic energy; the net movement of molecules is from high concentration to low concentration.  Evidence of student learning is a demonstrated understanding of each of the following:  3. External environments can be hypotonic, hypertonic or isotonic to internal environments of cells.  LO 2.12 The student is able to use representations and models to analyze situations or solve problems qualitatively and quantitatively to investigate whether dynamic homeostasis is maintained by the active movement of molecules across membranes

49. ACTIVE ____________ transport can move molecules AGAINST the concentration gradient. Active Passive ____________ transport does not require energy from ATP. Active Passive PASSIVE Essential knowledge 2.B.2: Growth and dynamic homeostasis are maintained by the constant movement of molecules across membranes.  a. Passive transport does not require the input of metabolic energy; the net movement of molecules is from high concentration to low concentration. b. Active transport requires free energy to move molecules from regions of low concentration to regions of high concentration

50. https://www.quia.com/files/quia/users/lmcgee/membranetransport/cell_communication/recept_transd_resp_UL.gifhttps://www.quia.com/files/quia/users/lmcgee/membranetransport/cell_communication/recept_transd_resp_UL.gif Name the 3 parts of a signal transduction pathway The signal molecule is called a _______________ 1- Reception 2- transduction 3- Response ligand