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Cold Stress: Identifying, Responding, and Preventing Hazards

Understand cold stress factors, symptoms of hypothermia and frostbite, safety procedures, and driving emergency preparedness for cold conditions.

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Cold Stress: Identifying, Responding, and Preventing Hazards

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  1. Cold Stress From Cold Conditions Identifying And Responding To Cold Exposure Hazards

  2. COLD STRESS FACTORS • Temperature Of The Air Surrounding The Body • Body Temperature • Air Movement Around The Body • Body Movement • Length Of Exposure

  3. COLD ENVIRONMENT • Normal Body Temperature 98.6º F • Body Temperature Drops Below 86º, Control System Becomes Ineffective • Below 59º, Body Begins To Experience Impairment Of Many Functions • Most Hypothermia Results When Ambient Temperature Is Between 30º And 40º F

  4. COLD ENVIRONMENT • Increased Heat Loss To The Environment • Muscle Hypertonus, Resulting In Shivering, Is Body’s Attempt To Maintain Body Temperature

  5. HYPOTHERMIA • Prolonged Exposure To Cold Causes The Body To Lose Energy Faster Than It Is Produced • Body Temperature Drops To Lower Than Normal • Can Happen When Temperatures Are Above Freezing

  6. CONDITIONS AFFECTING HYPOTHERMIA • Aging, Allergies, Poor Circulation, & Illness • Self-Imposed Conditions, Such As Drinking, Smoking, & Taking Sedatives Also Increase Risks • Wet Clothing, Windy Conditions, & Poor Physical Condition

  7. HYPOTHERMIASYMPTOMS • Numbness, Stiffness, Drowsiness, Poor Coordination • Slow Or Irregular Breathing And Heart Rate. • Slurred Speech • Cool Skin, And Puffiness In The Face Are Common

  8. HYPOTHERMIA SYMPTOMS • May Seem Apathetic About Getting Out Of Cold • Shivering And Teeth Chattering Is A Sure Sign That Body Temperature Is Too Low • Victim First Feels Cold Then May Feel Mild Pain In Extremities

  9. HYPOTHERMIA SYMPTOMS • Victim May Seem Confused & Disoriented; Memory Lapses • Worst-Case Results Can Cause Death

  10. SAFETY PROCEDURES • Get Victim To Where It Is Warm • Get Them Out Of Wet, Frozen, Or Tight Clothing; Keep Victim Dry • Get Them Into Loose Warm Clothes Or Blankets • Give Warm (Room Temperature) Liquids

  11. SAFETY PROCEDURES • Do Not Give Alcohol Or Substances Containing Caffeine • Warm Center Of Body First • If Necessary, Seek Medical Assistance & Give CPR

  12. FROSTBITE • Most Serious, And Second Most Common, Cold Exposure Hazard • Nose, Ears, Cheeks, Fingers, & Toes Most Often Affected • Affected Area Doesn’t Get Enough Heat & Freezes

  13. FROSTBITE • Freezing Causes Blood Vessel Constriction • Results In Lack Of Oxygen, Excess Fluid Buildup, Blistering, And Tissue Death • May Not Be Aware Anything Bad Is Happening

  14. FROSTBITE • Recognized By Distinct Pallor Of The Exposed Skin • Skin Goes From White Or Grayish Yellow, To Reddish Violet, To Black • Usual Feeling Of Being Really Cold, Then Numb • May Get A Tingling Or Aching Feeling Or Brief Pain

  15. FROSTBITE • Damage To Skin Sometimes Causes Blisters • Constricted Blood Vessels Impair Blood Flow • Can Cause Permanent Tissue Damage

  16. FROSTBITE • Victim Can Become Unconscious • Death May Result From Heart Failure • If Necessary, Seek Medical Assistance & Give CPR

  17. CARE OF FROSTBITE • Don’t Rub Affected Part • Don’t Use Hot Baths, Or Heat Producing Devices • Don’t Break Blisters

  18. CARE OF FROSTBITE • Warm The Frozen Part With Clothing, Blankets, Or With Room Temperature Water • Once Warm, Exercise The Part • Exception: Do Not Walk On Frostbitten Feet

  19. DRIVING EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS • Serviceable Clothing (Sweatshirt, Jeans, Coveralls, Coat) • Distilled Water And Anti-Freeze • Easily Stored Food (Chips, Candy Bars, Cookies, Some Canned Foods, Etc)

  20. DRIVING EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS • Matches, In A Waterproof Container • Large Candles • Tool Kit ( Pliers, Screwdrivers, Crescent Wrench, Jumper Cables, Duct Tape Electrician’s Tape, Etc)

  21. DRIVING EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS • A Couple Quarts Of Motor Oil And Multipurpose Lubricant, Such As WD 40 • Ice Scraper, Sand or Kitty Litter, Traction Mat, Shovel

  22. DRIVING EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS • Road Atlas • Reflective Triangles Or Flares • Couple Blankets Or Comforters

  23. BE PREPARED FOR ADRIVING EMERGENCY • THE TWO MOST IMPORTANT ITEMS: • A HEALTHY RESPECT FOR YOUR SAFETY IN COLD WEATHER !! AND • A CELLULAR PHONE!!

  24. PROTECTION • Prevention Is The Best Way To Deal With Cold Stress • Don’t Drink Alcohol, Bathe, Smoke, Or Take Drugs Before Being Exposed To Cold • Dress In Loose Layers Of Dry Clothing

  25. PROTECTION • Cover Hands, Feet, Face, & Head • In Cold Environment, Keep Moving • Take Regular Breaks In Warm Places

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