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IS Development and Spreadsheets II

IS Development and Spreadsheets II. Lecture 9, April 10, 2003 Mr. Greg Vogl Management Information Systems I Uganda Martyrs University. Overview. IS Development Systems Development Life Cycle, Process Description of individual stages Spreadsheets II Copying formulas and filling cells

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IS Development and Spreadsheets II

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  1. IS Development and Spreadsheets II Lecture 9, April 10, 2003 Mr. Greg Vogl Management Information Systems I Uganda Martyrs University

  2. Overview • IS Development • Systems Development Life Cycle, Process • Description of individual stages • Spreadsheets II • Copying formulas and filling cells • Relative and absolute addresses • Linking worksheets • Functions MIS I: IS Development and Spreadsheets II

  3. 1A. System Life CycleMeyer Table 9.1a MIS I: IS Development and Spreadsheets II

  4. Systems Development Life CycleMeyer Fig. 9.2b • Identify problems and opportunities • Analyse and document existing system • Design the system • Implement the system • Support the system MIS I: IS Development and Spreadsheets II

  5. Lifecycle MethodologyLaudon & Laudon Fig. 12.1 MIS I: IS Development and Spreadsheets II

  6. Systems Development Life Cyclefrom UMU MSc IS Notes • Planning and Selection • Analysis • Design • Implementation and Operation MIS I: IS Development and Spreadsheets II

  7. System Development ProcessLaudon & Laudon Fig. 11.5 • Systems analysis • Systems design • Programming • Testing • Conversion • Production and maintenance MIS I: IS Development and Spreadsheets II

  8. 1B. Systems Analysis • Describe existing users, hard/software • Define problems, limitations and causes • Identify new opportunities for using IT • Specify solutions; choose the best ones • Build new IS or improve existing ones • Develop project plan • Perform feasibility study • Establish information requirements MIS I: IS Development and Spreadsheets II

  9. Structure of an IS Planfrom Laudon & Laudon Table 11.1 • Purpose, overview • Strategic business plan, goals • Current systems, capabilities, problems • New developments, capabilities, needs • Management strategy, milestones • Implementation plans, progress reports • Budget requirements MIS I: IS Development and Spreadsheets II

  10. Feasibility Studies • Can a proposed solution really work? • Consider both resources and constraints • Technical feasibility • Hardware, software, technical resources • Economic feasibility • Cost/benefit analysis, return on investment • Operational feasibility • Can it work within the existing organisation MIS I: IS Development and Spreadsheets II

  11. Analysis Terminology • Critical success factors • Goals that ensure organisational success • Enterprise analysis • Analyse organisational info. requirements MIS I: IS Development and Spreadsheets II

  12. More Terminology • Automation • Use computer to improve task performance • Business re-engineering • Radically redesign business processes • Work flow management • More efficiently move business documents • Total quality management • Everyone in org. is responsible for quality MIS I: IS Development and Spreadsheets II

  13. Systems Design • Blueprint, plan or model of structure • Logical design • Abstract, general, business • Physical design • Concrete, specific, technical • Driven by user info. requirements • Users should be involved in design process MIS I: IS Development and Spreadsheets II

  14. Systems Development • Structured design and programming • Flowcharts, data flow diagrams • Object-oriented software development • Computer-aided software engineering • Prototyping • Small-scale working version of system • Rapid Application Development • Ways to develop systems very quickly MIS I: IS Development and Spreadsheets II

  15. Testing • Verify that desired results are produced • Test plan specifies which tests are needed • Unit testing • Test each program unit separately • System testing • Test system as a whole if it works together • Acceptance testing • Final tests that the system is acceptable MIS I: IS Development and Spreadsheets II

  16. Conversion • Changing from old system to new one • conversion plan, user and technical documents • Parallel strategy • Old and new system both used for a time • Direct cutover strategy • Old system entirely replaced with new • Pilot study strategy • New system introduced in limited area • Phased approach strategy • Introduce in new system in stages MIS I: IS Development and Spreadsheets II

  17. 2A. Excel: Copying Formulas • Enter a formula • For one cell use copy/paste. For many: • Using menus • Select cells below/to right • Click Edit, Fill Down/Right • Using mouse • Move to fill handle in lower right corner • Cursor becomes black +, drag down/right MIS I: IS Development and Spreadsheets II

  18. Fill Series • Enter first number in series • Select cells to fill (below/to right) • Click Edit, Fill, Series • Rows or Columns • Type (Linear, Growth, Date, AutoFill) • Date (Day, Weekday, Month, Year) • Step value, stop value, trend MIS I: IS Development and Spreadsheets II

  19. 2B. Relative vs. Absolute Cell Addresses • Relative cell addresses • Changes when copied to another cell • Used in most cases e.g. range of cells • Indicated by no dollar sign (e.g. B2) • Absolute cell addresses • One fixed cell, no change when copied • Useful for a single number that can vary • Indicated by dollar sign (e.g. $A$2) MIS I: IS Development and Spreadsheets II

  20. Example: Relative vs. Absolute MIS I: IS Development and Spreadsheets II

  21. 2C. Linking Worksheets • To refer to cells on another worksheet • sheet(s)!cell(s) • Examples • =Jan!B2 displays value of cell B2 on sheet Jan • =sum(Jan!B2:D2) adds cells B2 through D2 on sheet Jan • =sum(Jan:Mar!B2) adds cells B2 on sheets Jan through Mar MIS I: IS Development and Spreadsheets II

  22. 2D. Mathematical Functions • +, -, *, /: arithmetic operators • sum: addition of two or more cells • product: multiplication of cells • sin, cos, tan, asin, pi: trigonometry • exp, ln, power, sqrt: logs/exponentials • int, floor, ceiling, round: rounding MIS I: IS Development and Spreadsheets II

  23. Logical Functions • =if(condition,”value1”,”value2”) • Example: =if(Grade>=60,”pass”,”fail”) • =and(condition1,condition2,…) • Example: =and(H8>0,H8<100) • =or(condition1,condition2,…) • Example: =or(C7=”Kenya”,C7=”Uganda”) • =not(condition) • Example: =not(isblank(G7)) MIS I: IS Development and Spreadsheets II

  24. Statistical Functions • average: mean (of selected cells) • stdev: standard deviation from mean • median: middle number • mode: most frequent number • max, min: largest, smallest number • count: number of selected cells • forecast, growth, trend: predict future MIS I: IS Development and Spreadsheets II

  25. Financial Functions • pmt, ppmt, ipmt, ispmt: loan payments • rate: interest rate per period • irr, mirr: internal rate of returns • db, ddb, vdb, sln, syd: depreciation of assets • pv, fv, npv: present/future value of investments • nper: number of investment periods MIS I: IS Development and Spreadsheets II

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