Chapter 3 Review Canada’s Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Chapter 3 ReviewCanada’s Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Vocabulary!! Constitution - A special set of laws that establish a framework of governance Indian Act - Federal legislation related to the rights and status of First Nations peoples first passed in 1876 and amended several times. Labor Union - An organization of workers that acts to protect workers’ rights and interests.

Vocabulary!! Charter of Rights and Freedoms - The part of Canada’s constitution which sets out the framework for how Canada is to be governed. It includes individual rights and collective rights. War Measures Act - The War Measures Act was a Canadian statute that allowed the government to assume sweeping emergency powers in the event of "war, invasion or insurrection, real or apprehended”

Vocabulary!! Rights - What individuals and groups are allowed to do in society, as established in law. Suffrage - The right to vote or to run for office. Internment - the imprisonment or confinement of people, commonly in large groups, without trial.

Questions!!! What is “governance?” The rules that describe what the government can do with its power. When did the Charter of Rights and Freedoms come into effect? It dates from 1982! It contains what 2 classifications of rights? Individual Rights and Collective Rights

Questions!!! What does entrenched mean? It means that something is fixed firmly within something else. Who was Prime Minister when the Charter was entrenched into the Constitution? Pierre Trudeau Who has the final decision as to whether or not rights have been violated? The Human Rights Commission What is the Notwithstanding Clause? The ability to declare a law or part of a law temporarily "notwithstanding”. To override the Charter protections for a limited period of time. This is done by including a section in the law clearly specifying which rights have been overridden. Can last a max. of 5 years.

Your Rights! Fundamental Freedoms: The freedom to express your opinions The freedom to choose your own religion The freedom to organize peaceful meetings and demonstrations The freedom to associate with any person or group

Your Rights! Democratic Rights: The right to vote for members of the House of Commons and of provincial legislatures The right to vote for a new government at least every 5 years

Your Rights! Mobility Rights: The right to move anywhere in Canada and to earn a living there The right to enter, stay in, or leave Canada

Your Rights! Legal Rights: The right t be free of imprisonment, search and seizure without reasons backed by law and evidence The right to a fair and quick public trial by an impartial court that assumes you are innocent until proven guilty

Your Rights! Equality Rights: The right to be free of discrimination because of race, national or ethnic origin, religion, gender, age, or mental or physical disability

Questions!!! The Indian Act When was it passed? Passed in 1876 What was it about? Required First Nations people to obtain government permission wear traditional clothing. Banned traditional ceremonies, such as the Sundance of the Siksika. Prevented the First Nations from taking political action.

Questions!!! The Indian Act What was unfair about this Act? The First Nations people where the subject of the Act but were never involved in the decision making. They were not consulted at all. It was a way to oppress their culture simply because it was believed to be inferior to the European one.

Questions!!! Canadian Women and the Right to Vote When did women secure the right to vote? 1918 Who was Emily Howard Stowe? Canada’s first female doctor who founded a club to promote women’s suffrage. Why did she give it a cover name and what was that name? The idea was so radical at the time, they could Have faced major issues so she gave it the cover Name “The Toronto Women’s Literary Club”

Questions!!! Internment of Ukrainian Canadians What event prompted the internment? In what year? WWI in 1918 Ukraine was in enemy hands. What allowed the Canadian government to do so? The War Measures Act passed in 1914 at the outbreak of war. What happened to these Ukrainians? - Some deported - Homes and possessions seized - Made to do labor for little or no wages

Questions!!! Internment of Italian Canadians What event prompted the internment? In what year? WWII in 1940 Italy declared war on Canada. What allowed the Canadian government to do so? The War Measures Act What happened to these Italians? - worked on the Railway - Sent to work camps - Property seized - Made to do labor for little or no wages

Questions!!! Internment of Japanese Canadians What event prompted the internment? In what year? WWII in 1941 Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor. What allowed the Canadian government to do so? The War Measures Act What happened to these Japanese Canadians? - Moved inland, away from the coast - Property was supposed t be safe guarded by the government but wasn’t - Made to do labor for little or no wages

Questions!!! Internment Responses How was the Ukrainian internment recognized and when? In 2005, Canada passed the internment of Persons of Ukrainian Origin Recognition Act. It acknowledges this event in Canadian history. How was the Italian internment recognized and when? In 1990, Prime Minister Brian Mulroney apologized to Canada’s Italian community for the internment. How was the Japanese internment recognized and when? In 1988, Canada’s government formally apologized to Japanese Canadians.

Questions!!! FLQ Crisis When and where did this take place? In Montreal in 1970 Who was involved? The Front de libération du Québec. A terrorist group working for French domination and sovereignty in Quebec. What triggered it? The FLQ kidnapped government officials and put ransoms on them to obtain their goals. Why is this important? This is the third time the War Measures Act was used in Canadian History and the only time it was used in peacetime.

Questions!!! The Charter and Law Making What are some of your responsibilities? - Challenge government legislation that threaten individual rights. - Make the decision to exercise your rights. - Examine the extent to which lawmakers are fair and equitable in protecting individual rights. Two examples we looked at? • A deaf person who requires an interpreter to help understand her • doctor’s advice. • In June 2007, Canada’s government banned certain people from • traveling by air for security reasons.

Questions!!! The Charter and The Workplace What does the charter protect against in the workplace? - No discrimination based on age. - No discrimination based on gender. - No discrimination based on race or ethnic origin. What are two examples we looked at? • Ontario women and five labor unions launched a challenge arguing that • the province was discriminating against them based on gender. They • fought for Pay Equity. • University of Alberta professor Olive Dickason challenged whether they • could force her to retire at age 65 claiming it was discrimination based on age.

Questions!!! The Crooked Path to Liberty What did Galileo Galilei get convicted of heresy for? • For putting forward the idea that the Earth revolved around the sun when • the church taught it the opposite. What part of the Charter would this conviction go against? • The fundamental freedom to express your own opinions and possibly • the right to choose your own religion. Who was Desmond Tutu? What did he suggest? • He was a leader in the fight against South Africa’s apartheid system. He • said that they must use methods that won’t be looked back on in disgust • or dislike but “methods that will withstand the harsh scrutiny of history.”

Questions!!! Modern Issues What are some examples of times when the Charter is not being upheld as it should? • Aboriginal housing continues to be sub standard. • Eg. The little girl who died in a house fire because it burnt up so quickly. • Mr.. Dziekanski was killed when shot five times by a taser gun because there • Was a communication gap. He spoke neither English or French and no one could translate. • Abousfian Abdelrazik was arrested and without a trial imprisoned when he went back to Sudan to visit family. He was not allowed back into Canada because they will not issue him a new Canadian passport.

Chapter 3 Review Canada’s Charter of Rights and Freedoms