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Chapter Six

Chapter Six. Networking Hardware. Agenda. Questions about Ch. 11 Midterm Exam Ch.6 Cable kit . Hubs. Multiport repeater containing multiple ports to interconnect multiple devices. Bridges. Like a repeater, a bridge has a single input and single output port

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Chapter Six

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  1. Chapter Six Networking Hardware

  2. Agenda • Questions about Ch. 11 • Midterm Exam • Ch.6 • Cable kit

  3. Hubs • Multiport repeater containing multiple ports to interconnect multiple devices

  4. Bridges • Like a repeater, a bridge has a single input and single output port • Unlike a repeater, it can interpret the data it retransmits

  5. Bridges • Filtering database • Collection of data created and used by a bridge that correlates the MAC addresses of connected workstations with their locations • Also known as a forwarding table

  6. Bridges • Spanning tree algorithm • Routine that can detect circular traffic patterns and modify the way multiple bridges work together, in order to avoid such patterns • Transparent bridging • Method used on many Ethernet networks

  7. Switches • Subdivide a network into smaller logical pieces • Create multiple, smaller collision domains • In a half duplex switched network there are only two devices in each collision domain. • In a full-duplex switched environment there is only 1 device in each collision domain (0 % chance of collision)

  8. Cut-Through Mode andStore and Forward Mode • Cut-through mode • Switching mode in which switch reads a frame’s header and decides where to forward the data before it receives the entire packet • Cut-through switches can detect runts, or packet fragments • Store and forward mode • Switching mode in which switch reads the entire data frame into its memory and checks it for accuracy before transmitting the information

  9. Using Switches to Create VLANs • Virtual local area networks (VLANs) • Network within a network that is logically defined by grouping its devices’ switch ports in the same broadcast domain • Broadcast domain • Combination of ports that make up a Layer 2 segment and must be connected by a Layer 3 device

  10. Using Switches to Create VLANs

  11. Higher-Layer Switches • Switch capable of interpreting Layer 3 data is called a Layer 3 switch • Switch capable of interpreting Layer 4 data is called a Layer 4 switch • These higher-layer switches may also be called routing switches or application switches

  12. Routers • Multiport connectivity device • Can integrate LANs and WANs running at different transmission speeds and using a variety of protocols • Routers operate at the Network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI Model

  13. Agenda • Packet Tracer Exercise and Project Questions • Routers and Routing protocols • Routing LAB • Remember to Bring the cable kit next week

  14. Router Features and Functions • Modular router • Router with multiple slots that can hold different interface cards or other devices

  15. Router Features and Functions • Filter out broadcast transmission to alleviate network congestion • Prevent certain types of traffic from getting to a network • Support simultaneous local and remote activity

  16. Router Features and Functions • Static routing • Technique in which a network administrator programs a router to use a specified paths between nodes • Dynamic routing • Automatically calculates best path between nodes and accumulates this information in a routing table • Hop • Term used in networking to describe each trip data take from one connectivity device to another

  17. Router Features and Functions

  18. Routing Protocols • To determine the best path, routers communicate with each other through routing protocols • In addition to its ability to find the best path, a routing protocol can be characterized according to its convergence time and bandwidth overhead • Convergence time • The time it takes for a router to recognize a best path in the event of a change or outage • Bandwidth overhead • Burden placed on an underlying network to support the routing protocol

  19. Routing Protocols • The four most common routing protocols: • RIP (Routing Information Protocol) for IP and IPX • OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) for IP • EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) for IP, IPX, and AppleTalk • BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) for IP

  20. Gateways • Combination of networking hardware and software that connects two dissimilar kinds of networks • Popular types of gateways include: • E-mail gateways • IBM host gateways • Internet gateways • LAN gateways

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