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Grammar Notes-Comma Usage

Grammar Notes-Comma Usage. Comma Concept 1. 1a-series list- Use commas to separate three or more words, phrases, or clauses in a series Ex: I read the articles , extracts , and books for my final exam. Ex: Mexico had been ruled by the Spanish , by the Mexicans , and by the French.

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Grammar Notes-Comma Usage

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  1. Grammar Notes-Comma Usage

  2. Comma Concept 1 • 1a-series list- • Use commas to separate three or more words, phrases, or clauses in a series • Ex: I read the articles, extracts, and books for my final exam. • Ex: Mexico had been ruled by the Spanish, by the Mexicans, and by the French.

  3. Ex: The bank filled quickly with people who transferred their accounts, who cashed their checks, and who opened safe-deposit boxes.

  4. 1b Series Adj. yes-yes rule • Use commas to separate adjectives of equal rank. • Ex: wild, beautiful scenery • Ex: detailed, precise instructions • What are adj.’s of = rank? • Can I put “and” between ‘em and the sentence retains exact meaning? • Can I switch ‘em and the sentence is grammatically correct?

  5. If YES-YES, then YES, put a comma! • Kiai! • If NO-NO!, then NO comma, rule 1c! • Kiai!

  6. 1c Series Adj. No-No rule • rigid social classes • few short hours • Ask the questions, if no-no, then no comma! Kiai!

  7. Practice! • Plump healthy wife • New red sports car • Third mid-life crisis • Thick black hair • Lofty dignified woman • Experienced subway rider • Loud whining voice • Five tiny wafers

  8. Answers! • Plump, healthy wife YES-YES! • New, red sports car YES-YES! • Third mid-life crisis NO-NO! • Thick, black hair YES-YES! • Lofty, dignified woman YES-YES! • Experienced subway rider NO-NO! • Loud, whining voice YES-YES! • Five tiny wafers NO-NO!

  9. Comma Concept 2-Compound Sentence • Use a comma before a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) to separate two independent clauses (CT’s) in a compound sentence. • Footnote: the next slides shall explaineth FANBOYS, CT’s, and all that stuff. You do not have to write this footnote.

  10. COPY IT! • For • And • Nor • But • Or • Yet • So (so that)

  11. COPY IT! • CT=complete thought • ICT=incomplete thought • To determine: • Every CT needs a subject, predicate (verb or verb phrase), and be able to stand on its own

  12. Examples-copy the red • We went to the store, and we went to the movies. CT, and CT. • We started to feel raindrops, so we went inside. • Both are CT, FANBOYS CT. Try it… We went to store, …

  13. Examples-copy the red • We went to the store and bought milk. CT • We went to the store because we needed milk. CT • Because we needed milk, we went to the store. ICT, CT.

  14. The Formulas • CT or (CT ICT, but still a CT-the because example) • ICT, CT. (inversion style) • CT, FANBOYS CT. • CT; CT. (you can use a semi-colon instead of a FANBOYS to connect two CT’s)

  15. Comma Concept 3-Introductory Material • Use a comma after introductory material such as intro words, names, transitions and linking words, or long phrases that are ICT’s • Ex: Yesterday, I went to the mall. • Ex: Theresa, I need five dollars. • Ex: For instance, in act three Romeo says, “O, I am Fortune’s Fool!”

  16. Ex: When you begin to study as a ninja, it is understood you are on a life-long journey.

  17. Comma Concept 4- Interruptions • Use commas to set off sentence interrupters. Ex:

  18. Use commas to set off non-essential information To determine: is the subject general or specific? If general, then no commas If specific, then set off non-essential information with commas

  19. Examples-COPY IT! • Mothers get pleasure from yelling at their offspring and making them do arduous chores. General-no commas • My mother, who must be innately evil, yells at me when I forget to take out the trash. Specific-use commas.

  20. Practice!-Orally • The Corvette a sorry excuse for a sports car is common among doctors or men in a mid-life crisis. • My sports car which is a brand new Corvette gets me a lot of attention.

  21. Answers! • The Corvette,a sorry excuse for a sports car, is common among doctors or men in a mid-life crisis. Specific-use commas • My sports car,which is a brand new Corvette, gets me a lot of attention. Specific-use commas

  22. Practice! • The true art of the ninja secret to only a select few is so deadly that it should be treated with the utmost deference. • Ninjas known for their skills in assassination techniques have been around as early as Feudal Japan. • Ninjas can kill a man without being seen and are known for their art of invisibility.

  23. Answers! • The true art of the ninja, secret to only a select few, is so deadly that it should be treated with the utmost deference. • Ninjas, known for their skills in assassination techniques, have been around as early as Feudal Japan. • Ninjas can kill a man without being seen and are known for their art of invisibility.

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