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Friday February 17, 2017

Friday February 17, 2017. I can: describe enzymes in terms of the lock and key model. Agenda (10) Catalyst (20) GN: Enzymes (15) Kahoot (40) Enzyme Virtual Lab & Questions (5) Exit ticket. Catalyst 1. What kind of biomolecule are enzymes? 2. What is the monomer of a protein?

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Friday February 17, 2017

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  1. Friday February 17, 2017 • I can: • describe enzymes in terms of the lock and key model Agenda (10) Catalyst (20) GN: Enzymes (15) Kahoot (40) Enzyme Virtual Lab & Questions (5) Exit ticket Catalyst 1. What kind of biomolecule are enzymes? 2. What is the monomer of a protein? 3. What indicator is used to detect simple sugars (monosaccharides)? *TURN IN CATALYST SHEET* *QUIZ CORRECTIONS & EC DUE* HW: Virtual Lab Questions (if incomplete) Test Corrections due THURSDAY (2/23)

  2. Chemical reactions change one substance to another. For Example: 2H2 + O2 ➝ 2H2O

  3. A chemical journey: Follow the arrow! 2H2 + O2➝ H2O The arrow is the most important part of the reaction. When we read a reaction, we say “makes” or “yields.”

  4. A chemical journey: Follow the arrow! 2H2 + O2➝ H2O Reactants aka Substrates:come BEFORE the arrow; what you put into the reaction Products: come AFTER the arrow; what you end up with

  5. Think: Circle the products and box the substrates • NH3 + HCl  NH4Cl • HCl + Zn  H2 + ZnCl2 • 3. Glucose + Oxygen  H2O + CO2 + Energy • 4. H2O + CO2 + SunlightGlucose +O2

  6. Chemical Reactions Chemical reactions require energy to get started. • the energy required to start a reaction is called the activation energy • once the activation energy is supplied, the reaction can occur

  7. Enzymes Enzyme:proteins that speed upachemical reaction by lowering its activation energy a.k.a. biological catalysts without enzyme = greater activation energy with enzyme = less activation energy

  8. Enzymes (Notes) • We need enzymes for every process that happens in our bodies! • For example: Digesting food, moving around

  9. Enzymes (Think & Share) What biomolecule are enzymes? What do enzymes do?

  10. Enzymes Vocabulary Substrate: the material that an enzyme binds to; the reactant Complex: enzyme binds to substrate

  11. Which one is the substrate? Which one is the enzyme? Which one is the product?

  12. Which one is the substrate? Which one is the enzyme? Which one is the product?

  13. Which one is the substrate? Which one is the enzyme? Which one is the product?

  14. Enzymes Enzymes often end in -ase • lactase (breaks down lactose) • helicase (unzips DNA) • amylase (breaks down amylose) • lipase (breaks down lipids)

  15. Enzymes (Think) What’s a substrate? What do enzymes usually end in? Is lactase an enzyme or a substrate? How do you know? What do you predict is the substrate for the enzyme sucrase?

  16. Characteristics of Enzymes Enzymes are: • specific • reusable

  17. Enzymes (Notes) Enzymes are specific: • They only work with one substrate • The enzyme and the substrate fit together like a lock and a key at the enzyme’s active site.

  18. Enzymes (Notes) Enzymes are reusable: They are not changed during a reaction This means that they can be used again The substrate is changed: it becomes the products

  19. Enzymes (Think) What does it mean to say that enzymes are specific? What does it mean to say that enzymes are reusable?

  20. Enzymes (Notes) enzyme lactase lactose + H20 glucose + galactose products substrate

  21. Enzymes (Think) Structure X: Structure Y: Structure Z: substrate enzyme product

  22. Enzymes (Think and Share) What is an enzyme? What does it mean to say that enzymes are specific? What does it mean to say that enzymes are reusable? Why are enzymes important?

  23. pH (Notes) • Low pH (0-7) is acidic • High pH (7-14) is basic • pH = 7 is neutral

  24. Destroying Enzymes (Notes) An enzyme’s job is determined by its SHAPE! …So what happens when the shape of an enzyme is changed?

  25. Destroying Enzymes Denature: enzyme changes shape so it no longer works Because its shape changed, the enzyme can no longer fit the substrate like a lock and key.

  26. Destroying Enzymes (Notes) Enzymes are denatured by: EXTREME (HIGH and LOW) pH and temperatures

  27. Destroying Enzymes (Think) What does it mean for an enzyme to be denatured? Would an enzyme function if it was denatured? How can enzymes be denatured?

  28. Optimum Conditions Each enzyme has conditions that it works best under. • optimum = best To find the optimum pH or Temperature, 1. find the place with the highest peak 2. go DOWN to the x-axis and read the number.

  29. Enzyme Catalase What is graphed on the x-axis? What is graphed on the y-axis? What is the optimum pH for catalase?

  30. Optimum Conditions

  31. Optimum Conditions

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