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Acquiring the Reflectance Field of a Human Face. www.debevec.org. UC Berkeley / USC Institute for Creative Technologies / LifeF/X. Paul Debevec, Tim Hawkins, Chris Tchou, H.P. Duiker, Westley Sarokin, and Mark Sagar. Rendering with Natural Light. Fiat Lux. Related Work.
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Acquiring the Reflectance Fieldof a Human Face www.debevec.org UC Berkeley / USC Institute for Creative Technologies / LifeF/X Paul Debevec, Tim Hawkins, Chris Tchou, H.P. Duiker, Westley Sarokin, and Mark Sagar
Rendering with Natural Light Fiat Lux
Related Work Hanrahan and Krueger. Reflection from Layered Surfaces due to Subsurface Scattering. SIGGRAPH 93 Bregler et al. Video Rewrite. SIGGRAPH 97 Guenter et al. Making Faces. SIGGRAPH 98 Pighin et al. Synthesizing Realistic Facial Expressions from Photographs. SIGGRAPH 98 Sagar et al. The Jester. SIGGRAPH 99 ET Marschner et al. Reflectance Measurements of Human Skin. 1999
The Reflectance Field Ri( ui ,vi ,qi ,fi ) incident light field
The Reflectance Field Ri( ui ,vi ,qi ,fi ) Rr ( ur ,vr ,qr ,fr ) incident light field radiant light field
The Reflectance Field Ri( ui ,vi ,qi ,fi ; ur ,vr ,qr ,fr) 8D reflectance field
4D Slices of the 8D Reflectance Field Ri( ui ,vi ,qi ,fi ; ur ,vr ,qr ,fr)
Original Resolution: 6432 Light Stage Data Lighting through image recombination: Haeberli ‘92, Nimeroff ‘94, Wong ‘97
Light Stage Results Environments from the Light Probe Image Gallery www.debevec.org
1 1 DCT Basis Smith and Rowe. Compressed domain processing of JPEG-encoded images. 1996 Lighting Reflectance Functions normalized light map reflectance function lighting product rendered pixel
Interactive Lighting DemoSIGGRAPH 2000 Creative Applications Laboratory
Interactive Lighting DemoSIGGRAPH 2000 Creative Applications Laboratory
Reflection of Light from Skin • Specular Component:Color of light, shiny, brighter near grazing, maintains polarization • Subsurface Component:Color of skin, diffuse, desaturated near grazing, scrambles polarization After Hanrahan ‘93 (After Hanrahan and Krueger 93)
Separating Reflectance Components using Crossed Polarizers Normal Image Subsurface Component Specular Component Colorspace techniques - Sato ‘94, Nayar ‘97
Original RF Specular Component Shifted and ScaledSpecular Subsurface Component Surface Normal Estimate Final RF Comparison RF Transforming a Reflectance Function => Torrance-Sparrow microfacet distribution
Point-Source Comparison Original Image Novel Viewpoint
Spatially-VaryingReflectance Parameters Surface Normalsn Diffuse Albedord SpecularIntensityks Specular Roughnessa
Original Image Light Probe Rendered Face Composite Compositing Test
4. Ongoing Work • Animate the faces • Capture more spectral samples • Use high-speed cameras to achieve real-time capture
5. Conclusion • We have presented: • The light stage apparatus for capturing slices of the reflectance field of the human face • A technique for correctly relighting faces and objects with arbitrary illumination • A technique for extrapolating human reflectance to novel viewpoints
Thanks Digital Media Innovation Program Interactive Pictures Corporation Alias|Wavefront UCB Digital Digital Media/New Genre Program ONR/BMDO Cornell Program of Computer Graphics Berkeley Millennium Project and Shawn Brixey, Bill Buxton, Larry Rowe, Jessica Vallot, Patrick Wilson, Melanie Levine, Eric Paulos, Christine Waggoner, Holly Cim, Eliza Ra, Bryan Musson, David Altenau, Marc Levoy, Maryann Simmons, Henrik Wann Jensen, Don Greenberg, Pat Hanrahan, Randal Kleiser, Chris Bregler, Michael Naimark, Dan Maas, Steve Marschner, and Kevin Binkert.
qi qi qr qr In-plane Reflectometry Measurements • Subsurface exhibits chromaticity falloff • Specular is monochromatic with Torrance-Sparrow microfacet behavior Subsurface Subsurface + Specular
The JesterSIGGRAPH 99 Electronic TheaterMark Sagar et al. - LifeF/X, Inc.Performance and Text: Jessica Vallot
Changing the Viewpoint Model from Structured Lighting
Traditional Approach • Derive reflectance parameters for each point on the face’s surface • Map the parameters onto a geometric model of the face • Render using traditional methods