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Electricity—Chapter 7

Electricity—Chapter 7. IPC-- Mrs. Zagala. IPC Chapter 7: Electricity. Section 1 : Electric Charge * Electric Charges ex: rubbing shoes on carpet *All objects have both positive and negative charges (p and e)

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Electricity—Chapter 7

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  1. Electricity—Chapter 7 IPC-- Mrs. Zagala

  2. IPC Chapter 7: Electricity Section 1: Electric Charge *Electric Charges ex: rubbing shoes on carpet *All objects have both positive and negative charges (p and e) *Static Electricity-the accumulation of excess electric charges on an object fig. 2 (pg. 95)

  3. Electricity (cont’d.) section 1 • Law of Conservation of Charge -charge can be transferred from object to object, but cannot be created or destroyed

  4. Electricity (section 1 cont’d) • Electrically charged objects obey two rules: • Opposite charges attract • Like charges repel • (similar to two ends of a magnet) • (clothes out of the dryer ex)

  5. Electricity (section 1 cont’d) • Force at a Distance: • An electric field surrounds every electric charge • The electric field exerts the force that causes other electric charges to move ex: tissue paper sticks to a charged balloon

  6. Conductors and Insulators • Conductors—materials through which electrons can move more easily • Ex: skin, metals, etc. • Insulators—a material that doesn’t allow electrons to move through it easily

  7. Transferring Electric Charge ( 2 different methods) • Charging by contact: • The process of transferring charge by touching or rubbing Charging by induction: * The rearrangement of electrons on a neutral object caused by a nearby charged object (fig. 7 pg 198)

  8. How Lightning Occurs • Lightning is a large static discharge • (a transfer of charge through the air between two objects because of a buildup of static electricity) • As air masses move in a thundercloud, areas of positive and negative charge build up • Eventually, a discharge occurs between the cloud and the ground

  9. (More on Lightning) • As the electric charges move through air, they collide with atoms and molecules • These collisions cause atoms and molecules in air to emit light (sparks we see)

  10. Thunder • Thunder is powerful sound waves produced by lightning • Heat produced by electrical energy in a lighting bolt cause air to expand rapidly producing sound waves you hear as thunder • Pg. 199

  11. Grounding • Providing a path for charge to reach earth is called grounding • Grounding is important to protect objects on Earth from lightning damage • Ex: metal lightning rod, faucets, sinks, pipes, etc.

  12. Detecting Electric Charge • Electroscope—an instrument used to detect the presence of electric charges made up of two thin, metal leaves attached to a metal rod w/a knob at the top **Fig. 10/pg. 201

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