PROSES INDUSTRI KIMIA

1. PROSES INDUSTRI KIMIA Dr. MUHAMMAD SAID,MT. FMIPA KIMIA UNIVERSITAS SRIWIJAYA

2. Kompetensi: • 1. Mahasiswa dapat berprilaku jujur, disiplin dan bertanggung jawab atas pembelajaran di kelas • 2. Mahasiswa dapat mendefinisikan ilmu kimia, Teknik Kimia dan industri kimia, menjelaskan latar belakang terbentuknya industri kimia, menghitung Neraca Massa dan Energi, dan mempertimbangkan aspek-aspek ekonomi dan manajemen dalam suatu pabrik. • 3. Mahasiswadapatmenggambarteknik proses industrikimia, menjalankanOperasi-operasiteknikkimiadanmengaplikasikan proses kontrol yang ada di duniaindustri.

3. Kontrak Perkuliahan : • Dalam perkuliahan ini akan dilakukan tatap muka kuranglebih lima belas kali. • Sistem penilaian dalam bentuk huruf yaitu A, B, C, D dan E. • Bobot nilai Ujian Mid Semester sebesar 30% • Bobot nilai Ujian Akhir Semester sebesar 30% • Bobot nilai Tugas Quis sebesar 20% • Bobot nilai Quis sebesar 10% • Bobot Absen sebesar 10%.

4. Rencana Pembelajaran : • Tahappermulaandijelaskankontrakperkuliahandanmateri yang akandiberikanselamasatu semester secara global. • Selanjutnyamembahasmateri yang akandiberikansebelum mid semester kuranglebihselama 6 kali pertemuandansetelahujian mid kuranglebih 6-7 kali pertemuandisertaitugasataupunpekerjaanrumah. • MengerjakanQuisuntukmengetahuisejauhmanamahasiswamenguasaimatakuliah. • Melakukan praktik lapangan kunjungan ke berbagai industri di Sumatera Selatan • Mempresentasikan makalah dan melakukan diskusi kelas

5. MATERI : • Pengantarkimiaindustri • Operasi teknik kimia • Teknik Reaktor • Neraca massa dan energi • Termokimia • Kinetikakimia • Menggambar teknik • Proses kontrol • Ekonomi dan Manajemen industri • BerbagaimacamIndustri

6. Daftar Pustaka : • 1. R.N.Shreve, 1984, Chemical Process Industries, Mc.Grawth Hill • 2. M.S. Peters, K.S. Timmerhaus, 1991, Plant design and economics for chemical engineers international, 4 ed., Mc Graw Hill • 3. R.M.W.Martin, 1984, Introduction to Engineering Ethics, Mc.Grawth Hill • 4. G.V.Reklaitis, 1982, Introduction of Material and Energy Balance, Mc Graw Hill • 5. K. Sinnott, 2005, Chemical Engineering Design, 4th edition, Elsevier • 6. C. J.Geankoplis, 1982, Operation in Chemical Engineering, Mc.Grawth Hill • 7. Wright, M.R, 2004, An Introduction to Chemical Kinetics, John Wiley & Son Inc, New York • 8. R.Chang, , 2006, General Chemistry, fourth edition, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, Dubuque • 9. Manual Operasi di Industri Kimia • 10. Pearturan Kesehatan dan Keselamatan kerja (K3)

7. Materisatu : Pengantar Kimia Industri

8. Kompetensi : • 1.Menerangkan definisi ilmu kimia, teknik kimia dan industri kimia • 2. Menguraikan perbedaan dan keterkaitan antar bidang ilmu • 3. Memberikan contoh-contoh industri yang ada di Indonesia

9. Materi Pokok Bahasan : • Pengenalan Ilmu Kimia • Proses Dalam Suatu Industri • Industri-industri kimia

10. Pengenalan Ilmu Kimia : • Apakah ilmu kimia, teknik kimia dan industri kimia • Kimia Dalam kehidupan • Perkembangan ilmu kimia

11. What is industrial chemist?What is Chemical Engineering?What is the difference between them?

12. The definition of an Industrial Chemist? • Industrial Chemists are Applied Scientists. • Typically, they undertake optimization of complex processes, butunlike engineers, they examine and change the chemistry of the process itself. • Industrial Chemists are capable of fulfilling a multiplicity of roles - as research scientists, development chemists, technical representatives and as plant/company managers. CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry

13. What is Chemical Engineering? • Chemical engineers are frequently involved in producing chemicals in both large and small production facilities • Making something in large amounts is different from making it in a chemical laboratory • Chemical engineering is the discipline of converting raw materials to the desired products

14. Chemical Engineering: Combines the principles of mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology with engineering practices in order to improve the human environment.

15. Chemical engineering is based on applications of chemistry, physics, mathematics, economics, and increasingly, biology and biochemistry. Because of this broad-based foundation .. the chemical engineer isconsidered the universal engineer.

16. It is a Chemical World! • Life is based on the existence of a very large number of chemical and biochemical reactions that take place continously. • the largest growth in chemical is occurring in up-and-coming fields which show tremendous potential such as Biotechnology, polymers,electronics, food processing, pharma- ceuticals, environmental clean-up, and biomedicalimplants all offer possibilities for chemical engineers.

17. History of Industrial Chemistry • As the Industrial Revolution (18th Century to the present) steamed along certain basic chemicals quickly became necessary to sustain growth. • Sulfuric acid was first among these "industrial chemicals". It was said that a nation's industrial might could be gauged solely by the vigor of its sulfuric acid industry CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry

18. With this in mind, it comes as no surprise that English industrialists spent a lot of time, money, and effort in attempts to improve their processes for making sulfuric acid. A slight savings in production led to large profits because of the vast quantities of sulfuric acid consumed by industry.

19. Cont. • The German chemical industry experienced a period of rapid growth during the 19th Century. It was focused on the production of fine chemicals or complicated dyestuffs based on coal tar. These were usually made in batch reactors (something all chemists are familiar with). Hence, their approach to running a chemical plant was based on teaming research chemists and mechanical engineers.

20. Tujuan dari suatu industri kimia: • Menghasilkan produk yang bernilai ekonomi • Mensejahterakan karyawan • Menguntungkan perusahaan • Menjadi tempat pendidikan dan pelatihan bagi mahasiswa khususnya dan masyarakat pada umumnya • Pada jangka panjang ikut menambah income bagi daerah dan negara

21. Proses Dalam Suatu Industri : • Raw material Produk • Proses industri : • Proses Fisika • Proses Kimia ProsesIndustri

22. Proses Industri : • Perubahan Proses Kimia (perubahan yang menghasilkan zat baru) • Perubahan Proses Fisika (tidak mengasilkan zat baru)

23. Materi dan Perubahannya : • Materi • (segala sesuatu yang mempunyai massa dan menempati ruangan / mempunyai volume) • Perubahan Materi (Perbedaan perubahan fisis dan perubahan kimia)

24. PROSES PRODUKSI : • Mempersiapkan Bahan Baku • Pengolahan Bahan Baku • Finishing

25. Persiapan Bahan Baku : • Penyesuaian bentuk • Penyesuaian fase • Konsentrasi • Komposisi • Kondisi • Tempat penampungan sementara • Transportasi

26. Pengolahan Bahan Baku : • Mengolah proses fisika • Mengolah proses kimia • Efisiensi bahan dasar • Efisiensi tenaga kerja • Seleksi proses & peralatan • Kondisi operasi yang sesuai

27. Finishing : • Produksi sesuai yang dikehendaki • Pengepakkan • Penjualan / Pemasaran

28. Syarat mendirikan industri : • Lokasiindustri • Tenagakerja • Bahanbaku • Transportasi • Pemasaran • Pengolahanlimbahproduk

29. Chemical Process Industries (CPI) • The CPI are concerned with the development, extraction, isolation, combination, and use of chemicals and chemical by-products. Chemical engineers in the CPI design and operate the processes and systems to combine, transport, separate, handle, recycle, and store chemicals and their by-products. Some examples of CPI are: • Agricultural Chemicals Catalysts • Specialty Chemicals Industrial Gases • Paints, Varnishes, Pigments, Inks • Petrochemicals Petroleum Products • Plastics, Resins, and Composites Polymers • Rubber and Rubber Products Pulp and Paper • Soaps, Detergents, Perfumes, Cosmetics • Fats and Oils Fibers, Textiles, Films

30. Biotechnology • The biotechnology industry uses living cells and materials produced by cells, and biological techniques developed through research, to create products for use in other industries. • Work in the field of biotechnology has produced antibiotics, insulin, interferon, artificial organs, recombinant DNA, techniques for waste reduction and recycling, and hybrid plants that are insect resistant. • Chemical engineers in the biotechnology industry develop and design the processes to grow, handle, and harvest living organisms and their by-products.

31. Design & Construction • The design and construction industry works with all other industry sectors to design and build the facilities, specify the machinery, and design and troubleshoot processes that will allow companies to operate safe and efficient plants. Chemical engineers in the design & construction industry are involved with process design and project management, and work closely with other engineering disciplines.

32. Electronics • Chemical engineers in the electronics industry are involved with material development and production, and process control equipment design. Knowing how process equipment in a chemical plant, for example, is supposed to function gives the chemical engineer an advantage in designing control equipment to monitor each process. • Chemical engineers are also involved in the manufacturing of microchips and intricate circuitry, using their training to develop the materials and processes that allow such circuits to be properly assembled. Chemical engineers contributions to the field include producing components that better dissipate heat, and operate faster.

33. Environment, Safety & Health • In almost every industry, chemical engineers are involved in areas that concern the environment, waste minimization, and personal health and safety. With every process that involves the use and manipulation of raw materials, some by-products are produced. • The chemical engineer is employed to minimize the production of by-products, if they are of no use, or find an appropriate use for them. Chemical engineers help minimize waste through process monitoring and control, and by designing new processes that are more efficient. • This category also includes who are involved in waste treatment and disposal, and process safety and loss prevention. Process safety involves how people safely work with and handle certain materials.

34. Food & Beverages • The food and beverage industry includes the handling, processing, preparation, packaging, and preservation of food and beverages. Chemical engineers in the food and beverages industry formulate new products to meet consumer demand, change ingredients for better flavor, change handling processes for more consistent texture, and freeze dry products or design aseptic packaging to ensure a longer shelf life.

35. Fuels • These industries include petroleum and petroleum products production, and refining, as well as nuclear and synthetic fuels. Typically known for their work in refineries, chemical engineers are also involved in developing alternative energy sources. Chemical engineers in the fuels industries work on production processes, environmental monitoring, research and development, and process safety.

36. Advanced Materials • Chemical engineers help develop materials with different properties such as weight, strength, heat transfer, reflectivity, and purity. Industries that employ chemical engineers in these capacities include: • Aerospace Automotive • Glass Ceramics • Electronics Refractory • Metals Metallurgical Products • Minerals Processing Photographic Products

37. Industri-industri yang ada di Indonesia: • Industri gula dan pemanis buatan • Industri pupuk dan petrokimia • Industri minyak dan gas • Industri pulp dan kertas • Industri textile • Industri batubara • Industri makanan dan minuman • Industri semen • Industri pengolahan karet • industri pengolahan sawit

38. Rangkuman: • Seorang ahli kimia merupakan seorang peneliti terapan yang menemukan dan mengubah suatu proses kimia. Secara spesifik, orang yang bekerja dalam industri kimia dapat dikatakan sebagai ahli kimia industri. • Seorang insinyur teknik kimia merupakan orang yang menghasilkan suatu material baru dalam jumlah banyak dengan menerapkan prinsip-prinsip kimia, fisika, matematika, biologi dengan memperhitungkan aspek ekonomis.

39. Rangkuman lanjutan: • Peristiwaataureaksikimiasangaterathubungannyadengankehidupankitasehari-hari “ Life Is Chemistry ”. • Setiapharikitasenantiasabergauldenganbenda-benda yang dihasilkanolehsuatuindustrikimia. • Proses yang terjadidalamsuatuindustrikimiamelibatkan proses kimiadanfisika.

40. Soal-soal : • 1. Jelaskan definisi dari ilmu kimia, teknik kimia dan industri kimia! • 2. Sebutkan contoh-contoh industri kimia! • 3. Uraikan dengan lengkap perbedaan dan keterkaitan antar bidang ilmu dalam suatu industri! • 4. Rumuskan pekerjaan apa saja yang cocok bagi seorang sarjana lulusan kimia dalam dunia industri!