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Part 1

Part 1. Cell Membrane and Transport. What is an Isotonic Solution? . [Water] inside cell = [Water] outside cell Cell is at equilibrium Molecules are equally distributed in end The amount of water entering the cell = the amount of water leaving the cell. 95% water. 95% water.

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  1. Part 1

  2. Cell Membrane and Transport

  3. What is an Isotonic Solution? • [Water] inside cell = [Water] outside cell • Cell is at equilibrium • Molecules are equally distributed in end • The amount of water entering the cell = the amount of water leaving the cell 95% water 95% water

  4. What is a hypotonic solution? • A solution that has MORE water, and LESS solute • The cell can lyse or burst if left in a hypotonic solution 100% water 95% water

  5. What is a hypertonic solution? • A solution that has LESS water and MORE solute • The cell will dehydrate 90% water 95% water

  6. Which direction does water flow? • Water doesn’t flow at all. • Water flows from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. • Water flows from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

  7. Organic Compounds: Lipids: Phospholipids Lipids • Phospholipids • Glycerol with Phosphate Head + 2 Fatty Acid Chains • Amphiphilic (“Both” “lover”) • Hydrophilic head • Hydrophobic tail • Forms 2 layers in water • Makes up cell membranes Phosphate Glycerol Fatty Acids

  8. Cell Membrane Structure Carbohydrate side chain Hydrophobic region Hydrophilic heads of phospholipids Marker Proteins (has carbohydrate side chain attached) phospholipid Membrane proteins

  9. Different Types of Membrane Proteins (page 77) SIGNAL/ RECOGNITION TRANSPORTERS RECEPTORS ENZYMES

  10. Different Types of Membrane Proteins (page 77) signal/recognition Enzymes receptor transporter

  11. The Cell Membrane and Diffusion The plasma/cell membrane is selectivelypermeable ~ It controls what enters and leaves the cell ~ only certain substances are allowed to pass through

  12. CAN PASS THROUGH Other lipids and fatty substances that dissolve in fat (hydrophobic) Small molecules, like water Things w/o charge CAN NOT PASS THROUGH Water-like substances (hydrophilic) Large molecules Ions: Molecules with plus (+) or minus (-) charges CH2OH CH2OH OH OH What can and can not pass through the membrane?

  13. Go to page 78… • Fill in the table… • What substances can pass through the membrane?

  14. Passive Transport No energy is used [High]  [Low] (it’s the natural flow) This means it goes down a concentration gradient

  15. 3 types of Passive Transport 1. Diffusion 2. Osmosis 3. Facilitated Diffusion

  16. [High] [Low] Diffusion

  17. Osmosis

  18. CH2OH OH + Facilitated Diffusion Channel protein Passive Transport: Facilitated Diffusion

  19. Active Transport Energy is used [Low]  [High] This means it goes up or against a concentration gradient

  20. 3 Examples of Active Transport 1. Protein pumps 2. Endocytosis 3. Exocytosis

  21. Protein Pumps Protein Pumps:proteins use energy to pull or pump materials into or out of the cell to stockpile or store substances the cell needs

  22. Go to page 87 - 88 8 7 2 4 1 3 6 5

  23. Now complete page 88 to check your understanding

  24. When cells engulf particles into the cell 2 types Phagocytosis: When a cell wraps part of its membrane arounda large particle forming a “pocket” or vesicle Pinocytosis: The same process, but with smaller particles or liquids Endocytosis

  25. A vesicle carrying a substance fuses with the cell membrane and releases the substance Exocytosis(opposite of endocytosis) Outside the cell Inside the cell

  26. Check for understanding • Complete pages 100 – 101 Section Review

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