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Phonology

Phonology. (Additional) Diploma Skills for Life ESOL/ Literacy Canterbury Christ Church University 2010. Phonology and Pronunciation. Has your own accent changed during your life? Have you ever had your pronunciation corrected? If so, how did you feel?

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Phonology

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  1. Phonology (Additional) Diploma Skills for Life ESOL/ Literacy Canterbury Christ Church University 2010 Jo-Ann Delaney

  2. Phonology and Pronunciation • Has your own accent changed during your life? • Have you ever had your pronunciation corrected? If so, how did you feel? • When learning another language, was pronunciation important for you? Why? / Why not? • Why is it useful for Literacy/ESOL teachers to have some knowledge of the theoretical aspects of phonology? • Do your students talk about accent and pronunciation? Jo-Ann Delaney

  3. Objectives By the end of the session you should be able to: • Describe the production of sounds in English • Describe the main features of connected speech in English • Use this knowledge to help support Literacy / ESOL learners in the classroom Jo-Ann Delaney

  4. Some definitions • Intonation the rise and fall of the voice when speaking • Phoneme the smallest element of sound in a language which is recognised as making a difference in meaning • Stress the greater emphasis of some syllables or words over others during speech Jo-Ann Delaney

  5. Some definitions • Phonetics the study of speech sounds and sound production in general • Sound system the different phonemes that make up a language’s phonology • Rhythm the regular repetition of stress in time • Phonology the study of how speech sounds are produced and used and distinguished in a specific language Jo-Ann Delaney

  6. Some definitions • Vowel a phoneme that is produced when the airstream is not blocked in the mouth or throat. The sound is formed by the position of the tongue and lips • Consonant a phoneme produced when the airstream from the lungs is blocked or restricted in the mouth or the throat Jo-Ann Delaney

  7. The phonemic alphabet (chart) Go through the sounds and ‘sound out’. Use the example words given to help you. http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/try/resources/pronunciation/phonemic-chart Jo-Ann Delaney

  8. Consonants – manner of articulation • Plosive • Fricative • Nasal • Affricate Jo-Ann Delaney

  9. Consonants – place of articulation • Bilabial • Labiodental • Alveolar • Dental • Palatal • Velar Jo-Ann Delaney

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  11. Spelling errors: • Can you explain the spelling errors below, based on your knowledge of how consonants are produced? • boyz • fought (thought) • readin • efer (ever) • blug (plug) • killt (killed) Jo-Ann Delaney

  12.  Which of the following initial word digraphs are possible in English? • sp__ •  gp__ •  st __ •  pl __ •  fr__ •  nl___ •  kf___ Can you suggest a reason why this is the case? Jo-Ann Delaney

  13. Vowels • Lip position (rounded / not rounded) • Vertical tongue position (high / low, closed / open) • Horizontal tongue position (front / back) • Length Jo-Ann Delaney

  14. Application – awareness • How many different spellings can you come up with for the sounds: /eɪ/ /i:/ Jo-Ann Delaney

  15. Suggested different spellings: • mate, came, wait, bay, grey, grade, great, eight, age, lake, change, case, space • meat, meet, scene, piece Jo-Ann Delaney

  16. Connected speech – what happens to sounds • Weak forms – see dialogue • Assimilation • Elision • Linking Jo-Ann Delaney

  17. Connected speech • Elision This is mostly /t/ and /d/ omission. For example: /t/ /d/ Post the letter old man Next please sandwich • Assimilation A phoneme changes in quality due to the influence of a neighbouring sound. For example: Great Britain white gloves brown belt red carpet • Linking To ease pronunciation and extra /j/ or /r/ is sometimes added. For example: I am Australia all out drawing Jo-Ann Delaney

  18. Spelling • You should of come • Partikly • You mus tell me • Wha ya gonna do? Jo-Ann Delaney

  19. Implications for teaching • Spelling errors – awareness of letters that ‘are not there’ or are ‘added’ in spoken language • Weak forms: e.g. ‘of’ and ‘have’ • Models of language should be realistic and contain weak forms and other features of connected speech. Jo-Ann Delaney

  20. Mark the stress a green house eccentric record a greenhouse information atomic explanation Jo-Ann Delaney

  21. Intonation Thank you Jo-Ann Delaney

  22. What is intonation? Pitch and prominence • English has a much wider pitch range than many other languages. Jo-Ann Delaney

  23. Any questions? Jo-Ann Delaney

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