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CALIFORNIUM

CALIFORNIUM. by Wyatt McBride. Discovery.

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CALIFORNIUM

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  1. CALIFORNIUM by Wyatt McBride

  2. Discovery Californium was discovered in 1950 by Glenn T. Seaborg, Stanley G. Thompson, Kenneth Street, and Albert Ghiorso at the University of California Berkely, hence the name of the element. It was discovered by bombarding 242Cm with helium ions during research.

  3. Source of the Element To obtain Californium one must bombard Curium micrograms with Alpha Particles (otherwise known as Helium ions). It should be noted that Californium is the chemical offspring of the element dysprosium, whose Greek Derivative literally translates into “hard to get at”. Californium is indeed very difficult to obtain.

  4. Characteristics Name: CaliforniumAtomic Symbol: CfAtomic Number: 98Atomic Weight: [251]Standard State: Solid at 298 KCAS Registry ID: 7440-71-3Group Name: ActinoidPeriod in Periodic Table: 7 Block in Periodic Table: f-blockClassification: MetallicColor: Unknown but most likely a metallic white or greyPropertiesMelting Point: 1173 [or 900 degrees Celsius (1652 F)]KDensity of Solid: 15100 kg m-3Molar volume: 16.50 cm3S orbital Radius [/pm]: 222.2 - [/AU] 4.19828OtherCalifornium 252 is a strong neutron emitter. 1 mgreleases 170 million neutrons per minute.Californium’s reaction to halogens is unknown but it is most likely similar to that of dysprosium.

  5. Uses of Californium Californium is highly radioactive and only available in limited quantities making it something that only specialists can obtain. Only 63 mgs have been sold to date. Californium is used in gauges for measuring moisture in wells of water and oil. It is a good compact source of neutrons making it an ideal portable neutron source for gold and silver detectors. Some fission fragments used for research are made of Californium foil. One might say that the most noble usage of Californium is in the treatment of cervical cancer using neutrons. Studies show that the neutron treatment was more comfortable and effective (not to mention cost effective) versus the traditional radiation treatment. Future uses include weapons because of the small, light, and highly radioactive properties of Californium.

  6. Compounds Fluorides- Californium triflouride. Californium tetra flouride Chlorides- Californium dichloride, Californium triflouride Bromides- Californium tribromide Iodides- Californium diiodide, Californium triiodide Oxides: Californium dioxide, Californium trioxide

  7. END

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