Todor Kableshkov Higher School of Transport

1. Todor Kableshkov Higher School of  Transport TR/05/B/F/PP/178 009MODULAR TE Country Report

2. 1. Common information. Levels of professional training in Bulgaria • Mechanic • Specialist • Bachelor • Master • Doctor

3. Teacher’s (trainer’s) qualification 1. According to the low teacher’s (trainer’s) qualification depends on the level of professional training; 2. There are special requirements for certain professions/subjects.

4. Centers for professional training Common professional training center – self-dependant or connected to certain other organization (enterprise); students study only professional subjects and obtain diploma for Mechanic in certain profession; student’s age – 18 – 65 years; duration of training – 1 – 24 months, depends on the course.

5. Centers for professional training Technical Gymnasium (the old variant is Tehnikum) – usually Governmental centers; students study common educational and professional subjects and obtain diploma for High education level and for Mechanic in certain profession; student’s age – 15 – 18 (19) years for regular training, the age could be extended to 65 years for extramural students.

6. Centers for professional training Universities - students study common educational and professional subjects and obtain diploma for Higher education level and certain profession; student’s age – 18 (19) – 21 (28) years for regular training, the age could be extended to 65 years for extramural students. Students could obtain diploma for Specialist, Bachelor, Master or Doctor degree, depends on the program of training.

7. Common requirements for all kind of trainers • To have Higher education Diploma in the field of the training (at least Specialist); • Usually the trainer’s level of education should be at least the same of the target level of education of the students. Exceptions are admitted in subjects where special manual skills are needed (for example in Welding) when students have practice.

8. An example of professional training structure

9. Possible technology subjects division • Common technology subjects (they give the fundament of training, common technical culture); • Profesionalizing subjects (they give knowledge and abilities in certain profession, personal attitude to profession); • Specializing subjects (they give knowledge and abilities in a specialty).

10. Subjects content • The subject content is classical and depends on the matter of the subject; • For example the subject Metal Cutting Machines and Equipment is in the Metal-working and Machinery learning field and content is: 1. Concept of cutting process: kinematics, dynamics, regimes, physico-mechanical phenomena related to cutting process. 2. Cutting tools and instrumental materials. 3. Machine tools: types, characteristics – constructive, kinematical, technological. 4. Turning on a lathe – technological possibilities, instruments, machines. 5. Processing of openings: drilling, countersign, reamering, technological possibilities, tools, machines. 6. Milling cutters – technological possibilities, tools. 7. Grinding machines – technological possibilities, tools, machines. 8. Grating and gouging machines - technological possibilities, tools, machines. 9. Broaching machines. Instruments. 10. Tooth-working machines – technological possibilities, tools, machines. 11. Thread-broaching.

11. Subject basic objectives • The Basic objectives depend on the concrete Unit name and on the Learning field; • For example the basic objectives of the subject Metal Cutting Machines and Equipment are: 1. Formation of professional skills for work and adjustment of metal-cutting machines. 2. Skills for preliminary preparation of tools and machines for elaboration of detail when there is assigned drawing.

12. Learning outcomes • The Learning outcomes depend on the concrete Unit name and on the Learning field; • For example the Learning outcomes of the subject Metal Cutting Machines and Equipment are: 1. In the end of the training students must know concept of the working process by means of cutting; factors influencing the right going of process 2. To analyse physical and heat phenomena during the process of cutting and their influence on quality and preciseness of the working materials. 3. To choose right cutting tools according to their description, constriction and materials they are made of. 4. To analyse elements and regimes of cutting and their influence on preciseness and quality of working surfaces and efficiency of labour. 5. Kinematic and technological peculiarities of metal-cutting machines, the structural building and controlling. 6. To describe the structure, main functions and technological possibilities of most frequently used metal-cutting machines. 7. To read kinematic schemes of metal-cutting machines.

13. Evaluation methods We use traditional methods for evaluation: • During professional training we use tests. • Evaluation of practice work (students prepare protocols of workshops that they had). • Final evaluation (exams) on the base theoretical and practice knowledge.

14. Tools / Materials used in the applications • We use traditional Tools / Materials used in the applications for training like classrooms, laboratories, workshops, ICT etc. • To obtain a Governmental certificate for training an institution has to have all tools materials that are necessary for training. A special Governmental commission appreciate the equipment that the professional centre use.

15. Common rules about competences assessment in order a person to be a trainer • The specialist should have engineering diploma (at least Bachelor); • The specialist should graduate: - the subject that trains if it is common technical subject (or very closed one); - the profession that trains if the subject is professionalizing; - the profession that trains and to have post-graduating specialty if the subject is under specialization.

16. 2. Requirements for teachers/trainers at Common professional training centers • Every common professional training center has its independent politic, including for teachers/trainers qualification, so to be rival on the free market; • Usually the teachers are ex-specialists in the enterprises that they train students for; • If there are additional requirements/certificates according special Laws/Regulations (for example EN), so the trainers should have these certificates.

17. 3. Special requirements for teachers/trainers at Professional Gymnasiums • An applicant for teacher on technology should successfully passed course on Pedagogy. In that way the applicant will have advantages when he/her applies as a teacher, he/she will have bigger salary; • Usually the course is carried out after the basic teacher’s training (in University); • The School makes competition for teacher and special commission, appreciates the applicants and chooses the best one according to preliminary prepared criteria.

18. About course on Pedagogy • Could be organized by a certificated University with traditions in Pedagogy; • Should be organized according to National rules in the particular fields; • The curricula should be approved by the Ministry of Education; • There is no remarkable changes in the system of training on technology teachers during the last 30 years.

19. Course on Pedagogy Curricula (a variant) • Psychology of Children and Adults • Personal Psychology • Pedagogical Psychology • Training Methods • Training Technologies • Didactics • Didactic Appliances and Methods

20. Course on Pedagogy description • Technology Specialists study classical subjects on Pedagogy; • The course on Pedagogy is common for all kind of specialists (technology, natural science); there is no specific features for Technology Specialists training; • Duration of every subject is between 60 and 200 hours, about 50% theory and 50% practice. There is not any remarkable deviation in Curricula of courses carried out at the training institutions.

21. Course on Pedagogy – Final exam • The course finishes with a final exam. A special independent commission is nominated in order to evaluate student’s knowledge and abilities. • The course has to be Nationally recognized, so the final exam to have the statute “Governmental Exam”. For that reason a representative of Ministry of Education has to take part in the commission. • After successful passing of the final exam a student obtains a diploma on Pedagogy and could apply as a teacher in the High (Secondary) system of training in the fields of technology and natural science as well.

22. Teacher training • Teachers have a few opportunities to increase their pedagogy activities in the Higher School Governmental system; • There is a special institute (Institute for Teacher’s Elaboration) that offers free/paid courses on different aspects of Pedagogy. Courses could be organized by other institutions as well; • Results that teachers achieve during the training are Nationally recognized if the courses are coordinated with the Ministry of Education.

23. Teacher’s motivation to visit post graduation courses on Pedagogy • There are opportunities for teachers to have promotions in school system (according the Regulation 5 from the Low of Education); • The courses help teacher’s realization in Schools; • There is teacher’s evaluation session on certain period of time, so for teachers is good to have a good evaluation.

24. What kind of courses are available • Methods of training on technology subjects; for this aim the subjects are grouped according to their similarities (for example, “Informatics”, “Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy”, “Machine Science” etc); • Course on Pedagogy, Social Pedagogy, Pedagogical Psychology, Management of Education.

25. How long these courses are • Short duration courses – about 40 – 72 hours total, 50% hours theory and 50% hours practice. The courses finish with discussion. Every teacher receive certain number of credits according to the National system of evaluation; As much the hours are, so much the credits a teacher receive. • Middle duration courses – 72 hours total 50% hours theory and 50%hours practice. The courses finish with a training project. • Long Duration courses – 200 hours total 50% hours theory and 50%hours practice. The courses finish with a training project and teachers obtain diploma for next level of qualification.

26. About course’s organization • Every year possible courses for training are announced by the Institute; • The courses could be carried out at the Institute (in Sofia) but certain ones could be organized in country; • To enroll in a course a teacher should satisfy the conditions needed (for example practice, level of qualification) according the National rules.

27. 4. Special requirements for lecturers/trainers at Universities • The University organizes competition (theoretical exam) for Professor Assistance on certain profession and special commission, appreciates the applicants and chooses the best one according to preliminary prepared criteria; • The commission appreciates both professional and personal abilities of applicants and choose the best applicant; • The nominated applicant starts working at the University together with his/her more experienced colleagues.

28. Special requirements for lecturers/trainers at Universities • The University could organize a competition (only by documentary evaluation) for Professor (Associated Professor) on certain profession and two official specialists give their independent evaluation for applicants, and offer the best. The criteria are connected to the subject that applicant like to teach and pedagogy skills have less importance. A special Science Council choose by secret voting the best one; • A Governmental Council takes care about the procedure and confirms/rejects the chosen applicant.

29. Analyses These facts show that we pay remarkable attention of specializing and science skills, knowledge and profession more than of pedagogical skills.

30. How the University Curricula is prepared and Bulgarian traditions in this field We created our system of education with close connections with other European systems in Engineering training.

31. Preliminary studied subject at University Presentation of relatively part of subject hours from total student’s obligatory hours. • Natural sciences (Mathematics, Chemistry, Physics) and Humanitarian subjects – 19 %; • Common Engineering and Economic subjects – 38 % • Professionalizing and specializing subjects - 43 %

32. Pedagogy training of University lecturers • University lecturers could visit course on Pedagogy (but it doesn’t give them opportunities for promotion); • There are commissions at University that are formed by lecturer on a subject. These commissions take care about methods of training and pedagogical skills of lecturers; • Opened lessons (with students and members of certain commission) are carried out. After the lesson every member of commission could give opinion/recommendations how the lesson could be improved.

33. Additional opportunities for pedagogical growing of University lecturers • Participation in Specializing Conferences (National/International) as a lecturers or listeners; • Producing training literature (methods, manuals, books); • Lecturing as a guest lector in other University.

34. Possible deviation from the common rules • Reason: special pedagogical requirements are available; • Besides common pedagogical training ,students study special subjects. For example, students trained for Instructor for Driving profession study subjects like “How to teach students to drive” (on instructor’s seat - about 80 hours of theory and practice.This is just an example for possible deviation from the common standard procedure of some professional training on pedagogy in special fields,where special requirements are available.) • Students study these additional subjects in order to obtain special abilities for successful future professional realization. Usually these exceptions are in high responsible fields with remarkable social effect. • The future: According us common European rules will be available soon.

35. Other forms of Technology training • Children clubs, groups in Technology Science for beginners; • Primary School – a subject – Base of Technology Science; There is a special course on Children Pedagogy. Pedagogy education of trainers is not obligatory but is desirable.

36. Thank you for your attention