Lifestyle/ Chronic Diseases (Non-Communicable)

1. Lifestyle/ Chronic Diseases (Non-Communicable) Unit 8 In The Book Page 514

2. Lifestyle/Chronic Diseases • Diseases caused by lifestyle choices, genetics, and/or environment and these diseases are not communicable.

3. Statistics CDC Heart Disease is the LEADING cause of death for both men & women in the US -In 2008, over 616,000 people died of Heart Disease • Heart disease caused almost 25% of deaths- almost one in every four- in the US. • In 2010, coronary heart disease alone was projected to cost the US 108.9 billion! This total includes the cost of health care services, medications, & lost productivity.

4. Review Word Bank Heart Disease Pacemaker Cardiovascular Disease Congenital Angina Pectoris Thrombus Congestive Heart Failure Embolus Atherosclerosis Aneurysm Arteriosclerosis Hemorrhage Arrhythmia Antihypertensive Rheumatic Fever Atrium Ventricles Septum Valves Plaque Non-communicable Lifestyle diseases Murmur

5. Cardiovascular Diseases Cardiovascular Disease- heart & blood vessels. Heart Disease: any disease of the heart muscle or working parts of the heart Angina Pectoris: Chest pain resulting from narrowed coronary arteries • Heart is not getting enough oxygen Congestive Heart Failure: Coronary Heart Disease: A disease in which the coronary arteries are narrowed or blocked. Coronary Artery: The blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood to the heart muscles. Plaque: Hardened deposits of fat.

6. Factors P.518 List the 7 risk factors you CAN control List the 4 factors you CAN NOT control

7. Factors which could lead to Cardiovascular Disease • Gender, Heredity, Smoking, Hypertension, High Cholesterol, Poor Diet, Diabetes, Obesity, Lack of exercise, Stress

8. Atherosclerosis (P. 516) • A disease in which plaque collects on artery walls. It worsens hypertension and makes blood clots likely. It can cause blockage of arteries that feed critical organs, such as the heart and brain. • Arteriosclerosis: Tends to occur naturally as people age. This is the hardening and thickening of the arteries.

9. Other Types of Heart Disease • Arrhythmia: A heart condition when the heart may beat very fast or very slow for no apparent reason. People who do not improve with the help of drugs can receive a pacemaker. • Congenital: “Born With” • Pacemaker: a device that is implanted in the heart to stimulate normal heart contractions. • Murmur: A heart sound that reflects damaged or abnormal heart valves.

10. Rheumatic Fever 516 • Occurs chiefly in children and teens and includes inflammation of the heart valves. • Symptoms: Painful, swollen joints and skin rashes. • Prevention: Getting prompt treatment for strep throat. * Autoimmune action-

11. The Heart p. 210 • Has 2 Pumps each with 2 Chambers • Right side: Pumps blood to the lungs for oxygen • Left side: Sends oxygenated blood to the body • Valves: Flaps of tissue located at the entrances and exits for the heart chambers

12. Blood Vessels (p.209-210) • Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart, largest blood vessels with thick muscular walls. • Veins- Carry blood toward the heart • Capillaries- Connect the arteries to the veins

13. Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction) p. 517 • The event in which blood vessels that feed the heart muscle become blocked and the heart does not receive oxygen. It could be caused by a blood clot, preventing blood and oxygen from reaching the heart. • This year 1,100,000 people will suffer from a heart attack, and over 40% will die (AHA)

14. Blood Clots • Thrombus: A stationary clot in the blood • Embolus: A traveling blood clot • Aneurysm: The ballooning out of an artery at a point where it has become weak • Hemorrhage: The breaking of an artery wall at a point where it has grown weak.

15. Blood Pressure (P. 519) • The force of blood against the artery walls. • Hypertension: High blood pressure, “Silent Killer”. Hereditary • Systolic: Contraction, This is the upper value • Diastolic: Relaxation, This is the lower value • Ok blood pressure is 120/80 or below • 140/90 (High BP)

16. Stages of High Blood Pressure Pre-hypertension: Stage I Hypertension- Stage II Hypertension- Antihypertensives-

17. Blood Pressure 519 • Pre-hypertension: A blood pressure that places people at higher risk for heart disease and stroke. Range of 120-139/ 80-89. Stage I: High blood pressure between 140-159/ 90-99 Stage II: High blood pressure over 160 / 100 • Sphygmomanometer: Used to measure BP • Antihypertensive: A drug that lowers hypertension or high blood pressure

18. Cholesterol • A form of fat circulating in the blood that can accumulate on the inner walls of arteries. Produced by the liver and in food. • High Cholesterol: 200-239 borderline, Above 240 High • Below 200 milligrams per deciliter is desirable • Two Types: • High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) • Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL)

19. HDL • Good Cholesterol • Takes fat out of the body • HDL levels should be above 45mg/dl • Carry cholesterol to the liver for breakdown and excretion • The higher the level in the blood, the lower the risk of developing heart disease What is the best way to raise your HDL level?

20. LDL • Bad Cholesterol • Builds up on artery walls • LDL levels should be below 130 mg/dl • Helps lead to atherosclerosis

22. Diagnosis & Treatment P. 520 Electro-cardiogram- Cardiac Catheterization- Exercise Stress Test- Echocardiogram- Nuclear Stress Test- Balloon Angioplasty- Stent-

23. Diagnosis & TreatmentP. 520 Electro-Cardiogram: Electrodes record activity of heart Cardiac Catheterization: Catheter is inserted into the blood vessels of the heart, see if there are blockages in blood vessels in the heart Stress Test: Heart action is monitored during bouts of increasingly difficult exercises on a treadmill Echocardiogram: Stress test that visualizes heart walls and pumping action when heart is stressed

25. Diagnosis & Treatment Cont. • Nuclear Stress Test: Radioactive substance injected, show pictures of heart muscle • Angioplasty: Balloon inflated in arteries to compress plaque on artery wall, can reduce risk of heart attack • Stent: Stainless steel tube placed in heart artery to open wall of artery and keep expanded so blood flow is strong

27. Diabetes P. 523-524 Insulin – a hormone in the body that regulates blood sugar - too much sugar in the blood interferes with the body’s ability to produce insulin. - the pancreas secretes hormones like insulin as well as creating digestive juices to break down nutrients, Glucose- sugar Normal Blood glucose is between 70 -100 milligrams per deciliter of blood.

28. Types of Diabetes pg. 523 Insulin-dependent ( Type I)- body produces little or no insulin. This is an autoimmune disease. - usually occurs in children treatment- daily insulin injections

29. Non- insulin Dependent ( type II)- body cells do not respond normally to the insulin that is produced. - usually occurs in adults over 40 Treatment- weight loss, healthy diet, small portions, exercise & medications. What is happening for the first time in history??? Why is this happening???

30. Each year almost 3,600 American kids are diagnosed with type II diabetes. • Traditional treatments are not really working for children with type II

31. Gestational Diabetes ( similar to type II)- diabetes that occurs in some females during pregnancy. Insulin is produced but the body is not responding normally to it. - proper diet and exercise must be followed so baby will not be harmed, diabetes usually disappears after birth.

32. Stroke P. 516 • A condition caused by a blocked or broken blood vessel in the brain, basically shutting off all blood flow to the brain. • Brain cells die within minutes. • Causes: Thrombus, Embolus, Hemorrhage, Aneurysm, Compression from a tumor • One of most common causes is due to a blood clot in an artery in the brain.

33. Symptoms of a Stroke • Sudden weakness, numbness, tingling • Loss of speech • Dizziness, unsteadiness • Dimness, loss of vision • Paralysis • Disability or Death • In a major stroke, part of the brain will die causing mental and physical damage and loss of functioning

34. Cancer P. 531 • An uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells which spreads into surrounding tissue and other body parts. • Lymphomas: Cancers of the immune system • Leukemia- cancer of the blood The key to cancer is EARLY Detection!!

35. Tumor (P. 531) • An abnormal mass of tissue that can live and reproduce itself, but performs no service to the body. • Benign: A tumor that is notcancerous and does not spread to other parts of the body. Rarely life threatening. • Malignant: A tumor that is cancerous and may spread to other parts of the body.

36. Stages of Cancer P. 531 • The cells can break away from a malignant tumor and then enter the blood stream. This can lead to the formation of tumors in other parts of the body. • Metastasis: The spread of cancer. • “In Situ”: The cancer is not spreading; it is in its original location.

37. How Cancer Develops • Exposure to carcinogen or initiator • Initiator enters cells • Cells’ genetic material changes • Promoter may be present (speeds up development) • Multiplication of cells • Tumors develop • Malignant tumor grows and spreads to surrounding tissue • Metastasis occurs

38. Cancer Warning Signs(P. 534) • C- Change in bowel or bladder habits • A- A sore that does not heal • U- Unusual bleeding or discharge • T- Thickening or lump in a breast or elsewhere • I- Indigestion or difficulty swallowing • O- Obvious change in a wart or mole • N- Nagging cough or hoarseness

39. Most Common Cancer (P. 535): Skin Cancer • Due to overexposure to the sun for many years. This is most easily detected because it is plainly visible. • Basal Cell Carcinoma: The most common form of skin cancer. It develops on sun-exposed areas of the body in the form of a small, round, raised red spot. It is almost always treated if it is discovered early. • Squamous Cell Carcinoma: 2nd Most common. • Malignant Melanoma: The most dangerous of skin cancers. It appears as a mole that changes its appearance and attacks other body parts.

40. Reducing Your Risk of Cancer (P. 534-535) • Self Exams & Doctor Tests • Tobacco Free Lifestyle • UV Radiation • Dietary Guidelines (fiber, variety, antioxidants) • Desirable Weight • Avoid Alcohol • Avoid Exposure to Dangerous Chemicals, Airborne Fibers, and Air Pollution • Avoid STI’s • Know family Cancer History

41. Statistics • According to the U.S. Center for Cancer Statistics: the leading cancer found in males, regardless of race, is prostate cancer. The leading cancer found in females is breast cancer (also lung and uterus).

42. Cancer treatment depends on the following factors P.536 1. 2. 3. 4.

43. Treatment Approaches (P. 536) • Surgery- most common, cuts out the cancer in it’s ORIGINAL location. • Radiation Therapy- uses radiation to zero in on cancer cells ONLY.

44. Chemotherapy- anti- cancer drugs that kill cancer cells. • Immunotherapy- weakened cancer cells are injected into the immune system to stimulate the system so it will try to fight off cancer cells.