Nathaniel Hawthorne

1. Nathaniel Hawthorne 1804 - 1864

2. Lesson Focus • Identify and discuss various literary terms such as foreshadowing, suspense, metaphor, simile, personification, irony, etc.

3. Novelist, Short Story Writer, Custom House worker, US Consul • Literary Style: Romanticism

4. Hawthorne’s family was descended from the early Puritans His father died of yellow fever while at sea His mother raised three children with little help and less money After graduating from college, he lived at home for 12 years, secluding himself in an upper room as he taught himself to write fiction

5. Hawthorne was considered handsome, and once he began earning money with his short stories, he met Sophia Peabody • Hawthorne married Sophia, and lived in the “Old Manse,” once owned by Emerson

6. Hawthorne lost his job and his mother at nearly the same time, but was still able to create his masterpiece, “The Scarlet Letter” This novel brought Hawthorne acclaim, money, and new friends In 1853, President Franklin Pierce, Hawthorne’s college friend, made him US Consul at Liverpool, England

7. Hawthorne’s wife, Sophia, and their three children Franklin Pierce

8. Hawthorne and his family lived in Europe for 7 years • Returning home, Hawthorne moved into a dark time…the characters he had created with such dark lives seemed to take over his real life

9. Life had changed in America; the Civil War had broken out and Hawthorne’s friend Pierce had lost his bid for reelection • At home, Hawthorne was unable to begin writing and could not complete manuscripts promised for his publisher

10. Hawthorne’s health declined • On a trip with his friend Pierce, Hawthorne died in New Hampshire

11. Literary Terms • Irony- A contrast or discrepancy between what is stated and what is really meant, or between what is expected to happen and what actually does happen • Dramatic Irony — a reader or an audience perceives something that a character in the story or play does not know • Structural (situational) Irony — the writer shows a discrepancy between the expected result of some action or situation and its actual result • Verbal Irony — a discrepancy between what is said and what is really meant; sarcasm

12. Foreshadowing - The use of clues that hint at important plot developments that are to follow in a story or drama • Setting – The time and place in which the events of a literary work take place • Allegory – The use of a symbolic narrative to emphasize a theme

13. Imagery – Words or phrases that use description to create pictures, or images, in the reader’s mind • Third Person POV - • This point of view definition uses “he” and “she” as the pronouns to refer to different characters, and provides the greatest amount of flexibility for the author. There are two main possibilities for the third person point of view: limited and omniscient. • In a third person limited point of view, the reader is privy only to one main character’s thoughts. In this way, it is similar to the first person singular point of view, since the focus stays tightly on one character. • Third person omniscient point of view allows the author to delve into the thoughts of any character, making the narrator seem godlike.

14. The Ambitious Guest • The story is based on the true story of the Willey family • They were killed in an avalanche in New Hampshire in 1828 • See page 152 for details Crawford Notch, New Hampshire, where the Willey family lived

15. Class Work • Read the piece in class, completing for homework if necessary • Complete the “Literary Elements” handout • Complete the Literary Critique questions, page 151, #2 1-7

16. Homework • Writing Workshop, page 151, #2 • Focus on Irony