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Early Middle Ages Charlemagne, Invaders & Feudalism

Explore the rise of Charlemagne and the impact of invaders on Medieval European society. Discover why the Middle Ages are often referred to as the "Dark Age" and how the feudal system emerged as a response.

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Early Middle Ages Charlemagne, Invaders & Feudalism

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  1. Early Middle Ages Charlemagne, Invaders & Feudalism

  2. Discussion • Why do some historians refer to the Middle Ages as the “Dark Age”? • Big Q Today-How did Charlemagne & Invaders help shape Medieval European society?

  3. Things to remember... • Rome was split in TWO by Diocletian (Western & Eastern Roman Empire) • Emperor Constantine legitimized Christianity throughout Roman Empire, allowing religion to spread • Western Roman Empire falls in 476 AD (Western Roman Empire is essentially European) • NO CENTRAL GOVERNMENT RULING after Rome falls • Eastern Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, remains in tact for 1000 more years

  4. Charlemagne-Rise to Power Charlemagne=Charles the Great A Bright Spot in the Dark Ages • Military Power -Assembled Army yearly to conquer his foes -Absorbed conquered lands & formed alliance w/local leaders • Militaristic King who came to the aid of the Pope several times • Reward?

  5. Charlemagne-Emperor of the Roman People • Because of his help, Pope Leo named Charlemagne Emperor of the Roman people • Implied Charlemagne restored the glory of the Roman Empire • Charlemagne had full backing of the Church & God

  6. Society under Charlemagne Politics Education Religion Law Death

  7. Politics • Unified Europe for the 1st time since the Fall of Rome • Significance?

  8. Education • Wanted leaders of his Empire to be able to Read & Write • Had scholars from all across Europe Studying & Copying Ancient Texts -Sent copies to monasteries across Europe -Had this not occurred, many valuable works from Ancient World may have been lost during the Middle Ages

  9. Religion • GOAL---Preserve & spread Christianity • Worked closely w/Church to create unified Christian Empire • Those conquered forced to adopt Christianity, or face the possibility of Death • Monks sent to live in conquered territories, helping Christianity take root

  10. Law • Developed written law code • Each major civilization does this---why? • Recorded tribal laws, allowed them to keep them • Issued further laws that reinforced Christian teachings

  11. Death of Charlemagne • Died in 814 • Empire lost its Center • Bureaucracy not strong enough to maintain the Empire • Empire split into 3 parts • Regional Kings gained control, Charlemagne’s grandsons battled for power

  12. Invaders-Vikings • Scandinavian • Home soil not suitable for farming • Sea couldn’t provide enough to sustain growing population • Began Raiding Northern & Southern Europe • Superb shipbuilders, sailors & navigators • Constant attacks & plundering, mainly targeting monasteries

  13. Not just Raiders!

  14. Invaders-Magyars • Invaders from the East • Central Asia & Europe • Similar to the Vikings, but on Horseback

  15. Invaders-Muslims • Initially came to Europe as Conquerors • 711- Muslim Army marched through N. Africa, crossed the Strait of Gibraltar & pushed into Spain • Pushed into France in 732, pushed back by Charles Martel @ Battle of Tours • No clear victor, but the Muslim forces withdrew • Remained in control of the Iberian Peninsula for 700+ years • Cordoba, Muslim Capital in Spain, Wealthiest & Culturally advanced city

  16. Invaders-Muslims • 800s-900s- Change in Strategy • Switch from full-scale invasion to small, fast raids against certain cities & towns in France & Italy • Invaded Rome, destroying ancient churches including Saint Peters Basilica----BAD BLOOD! • Painful blow to European Christians • We’ll look at the Muslim Empires later in the week...

  17. Results? • Feudal System emerges in response to Viking, Magyar & Muslim invasions • Kings across Europe unable to defend their lands or the lands of their nobles from attack • Nobles no longer counted on Kings for protection, took matters into their own hands

  18. Feudalism • What is it? POLITICAL SYSTEM OF MEDIEVAL EUROPE • Loosely organized system of rule in which powerful local lords divided their landholdings among lesser lords • Nobles/Lords began building castles & hiring Knights, trained soldiers, to protect their castle • Mounted, in full armor • Expensive! Demanded payment in the form of land • Fief- land given to a Knight for his services • Vassals- anyone who accepts a Fief

  19. Manor System • ECONOMIC SYSTEM OF MEDIEVAL EUROPE • Main goal of Manor System: Self-Sufficiency! • Everything needed is produced in the Manor • Peasants & Serfs • Free Peoples -Priests, Smiths & other skilled workers -Rented land from Lord

  20. Manor System • Peasants worked their lord’s land in return for protection & individual plots for themselves • Serfs- Peasants/Workers who were legally tied to the land -Not free to leave the land or marry w/out Lord’s permission -Children born to Serfs…Would be serfs! -Could not be sold away from the land---At least you aren’t a slave?

  21. Manor System Lords • Own manors • Provide protection from attacks • Provide land for farming Peasants (serfs) • Bound to the lord’s land • Give a portion of their crops to the manor lord • Farm the lord’s land

  22. Videos for Review • The Middle Ages in 3 ½ Minutes-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6EAMqKUimr8 • Crash Course-The Dark Ages-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QV7CanyzhZg

  23. Review • Charlemagne -Military Power -Relationship w/Pope Leo III -Emperor of the Roman People -Christianity-Forced? • Invaders---Vikings, Magyars & Muslims • Feudal System-Review the images shown, do some text research, we’ll discuss tomorrow

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