Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery for Cancer Current Technologies

1. Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery for CancerCurrent Technologies The next generation of cancer treatments

2. Introduction There are several different methods of delivering drugs in a nanotherapeutic fashion. The next few slides will outline the methods that are currently being explored.

3. Polymeric Nanoparticles (polymer-drug conjugates) Prepared by either dissolving, entrapping, or conjugating a drug to a polymer. Disadvantages: -Time and expensive equipment is required to assemble these particles Advantages: - water soluble - biodegradable -nontoxic - can specifically target cancer cells - long shelf life - stable during storage

4. Polymeric Micelles Drugs can be attached to the shell or encapsulated within the core Disadvantages: -More difficult to selectively target cancer cells -Optimal concentration must first be determined for micelle formation Amphiphilic block copolymers that self assemble to form a micelle with a hydrophobic core and a hydrophilic shell Advantages: - can carry water-insoluble drugs - biocompatible - biodegradable - Easily modified and functionalized

5. Dendrimers Hyperbranched synthetic polymers Advantages - easy to functionalize due to structure - Molecular weight and size can be controlled • degradation can be controlled • Biocompatible • Withstands physiological conditions • Can selectively target cancer cells Disadvantages -difficult to synthesize large quantities pure enough for clinical trials

6. Liposomes Self assembling structures composed of lipid bilayers Disadvantages: -Rapidly cleared from circulation due to primary uptake by the liver Advantages: - amphiphilic - biocompatible - easily modified and functionalized - can selectively target cancer cells - Can carry both lipid and water soluble drugs

7. Carbon Nanotubes Benzene rings assembled into carbon cylinders Advantages: -Water soluble -biocompatible -multifunctional Disadvantages -Scientists don’t fully understand how they work -they are expensive to produce and would be expensive to implement

8. Viral Nanoparticles Self assembled protein cages Advantages -Surface can be modified via bioconjugation or mutagenesis -can usuallyselectively target tumors -Biologically compatible Disadvantages -they could target healthy cells and cause complications -could cause harmful mutations to DNA -could cause inflammation or immune reaction

9. Conclusion There are several promising methods of delivery for chemotherapeutic drugs including polymeric nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, dendrimers, liposomes, viral nanoparticles, and carbon nanotubes. Each method has advantages and disadvantages, but most advantages are shared between several methods, therefore more exploration is needed to determine the most effective means of drug delivery for each specific type of drug. For more informationand news you can visit http://nano.cancer.gov/ . The more methods we explore and determine viable, the more patients we can reach…

10. Review Note The audience of this PowerPoint is specifically those entering into nanotechnology research for chemotherapeutic drug delivery. When first entering the field, it is important to note which technologies are currently being worked on, as well as the advantages and disadvantages that have been associated with each method of drug delivery. This initial information can assist researchers in determining what type of vehicle they would like to explore for experimentation to potentially create a usable method of delivering a certain chemotherepeutic drug. This PowerPoint would be encountered on an informative website on an introductory page, as more information regarding these technologies should be obtained before conducting further research with one of these methods. I designed the PowerPoint in a simplistic fashion because it is rather technical and I did not want the main points to get lost behind fancy fonts or designs. I included pictures of each type of nano-carrier so that the audience could not only get a verbal understanding of what each molecule is capable of, but also a visual to strengthen the understanding. The colors I used are meant to compliment each other while allowing certain features to stand out. They also go well with the green and black colors in the logo for the Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer. This document will fit well in my final portfolio because it connects directly to my main topic of research and outlines many important details while still functioning as an overview.

11. References Medina, S. H., University of Michican Department of Biomedical Engineering, (May 4, 2009). Dendrimers as Carriers for Delivery of Chemotherapeutic Agents. Retrieved July 26, 2013 , from: http://www.bme.umich.edu/labs/centlab/documents/pub14.pdf Noble, M. L. (Researcher). [Image of a targeted polymeric micelle] . (2004). Retrieved July 26, 2013, from: http://www.uweb.engr.washington.edu/research/tutorials/drugdelivery.html Nanopharmaceuticals.org, (2006). Polymeric NanoPharmaceuticals. Retrieved July 26, 2013 from: http://www.nanopharmaceuticals.org/Polymeric_nanoparticles.html National Cancer Institute. Gener Therapy for Cancer: Questions and Answers. Retrieved July 26, 2013, from: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Therapy/gene Office of Cancer Nanotechnology research Center for Strategic Scientific Initiatives, National Cancer Institute, (November 2010). Cancer Nanotechnology Plan. Retrieved July 26, 2013, from: http://nano.cancer.gov/about/plan/\ [Cropped image of a polymeric nanoparticle] . (2007). Retrieved July 26, 2013, from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1078143907000920 [Image of a dendrimer]. (2006). Retrieved July 26, 2013, from: http://www.nanopharmaceuticals.org/Dendrimers.html [Image of a drug delivering liposome]. (2013). Retrieved July 26, 2013, from: http://www.nanosight.com/applications/biological-virology-vaccine/drug-delivery [Image of drug delivering carbon nanotubes]. (2011). Retreived July 26, 2013, from: http://www.netl.doe.gov/newsroom/netlog/oct2011/netlog_oct11.html [Image of a viral nanoparticle]. Retrieved July 26, 2013, from:http://www.beltina.org/health-dictionary/virus-infection-definition-what-is-immune-system.html [NCI Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer logo]. Retrieved August 1, 2013, from: http://nano.cancer.gov/