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The Civil War

The Civil War. -The Fighting President Lincoln is reelected Lincoln is assassinated. NEXT. 11.1. The Civil War Begins. The secession of Southern states cause the North and the South to take up arms. NEXT. SECTION. 1. I. Confederates Fire on Fort Sumter. A. The Confederacy Takes Control

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The Civil War

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  1. The Civil War • -The Fighting • President Lincoln is reelected • Lincoln is assassinated NEXT

  2. 11.1 The Civil War Begins The secession of Southern states cause the North and the South to take up arms. NEXT

  3. SECTION 1 I. Confederates Fire on Fort Sumter A. The Confederacy Takes Control • Confederate soldiers take over govt, military installations • Fort Sumter—Union outpost in Charleston harbor • Confederates demand surrender B. Lincoln’s Dilemma • Reinforcing fort would lead to secession • Evacuating fort would legitimize Confederacy, endanger Union Continued . . . NEXT

  4. SECTION 1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O9p7V7GrHjE • C. First Shots • Lincoln just sends food • For South, no action would damage sovereignty of Confederacy • Jefferson Davis chooses to turn peaceful secession into war • - fires on Sumter April 12, 1861 NEXT

  5. SECTION 1 II. Americans Expect a Short War A. Union and Confederate Advantages Union advantages: • More railroads (2x South’s railroad) • More factories (90% of nation’s) •Better balance between farming & industry •More money (3/4 of nations financial resources) •A functioning govt, army, & navy •2/3 of nation’s population and states (19 free states, 4 slave holding border states) - 22 million pop. (South 9 million, 4 million slaves) Confederate advantages: •Leadership: Most of nation’s military colleges were in South; most officers sided w/ Confederacy •Military tactics: needed only to repel Northern attacks. •Morale: eager to fight to preserve their way of life & their right to self- govt NEXT

  6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nANJYQ9pd_Y http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/first-battle-of-bull-run III. Union and Confederate Strategies A. Anaconda plan:Union strategy to conquer South - blockade Southern ports - divide Confederacy in two in west (Mississippi R.) - capture Richmond, Confederate capital B. Confederate strategy: War of attrition- defend territory, prolong the war, invade North if opportunity arises C. Bull Run • Bull Run—first major battle; Confederate victory • Thomas Jackson called Stonewall for firm stand in battle

  7. SECTION 1 IV. Union Armies in the West • A. Protecting Washington, D.C. • After Bull Run, Lincoln calls for 1 million additional soldiers • Appoints General George McClellan to lead Army of the Potomac • B. Forts Henry and Donelson • General Ulysses S. Grant—brave, tough commander in West • Feb. 1862, Grant captures Confederate Forts Henry, Donelson Continued . . . NEXT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLyWvICy1DY

  8. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exM2YuGoWIE SECTION 1 V. A Revolution in Warfare • A. Ironclads • New ironclad ships instrumental in • victories • Ironclads splinter wooden ships, • withstand cannon, resist burning • March 1862, North’s Monitor, South’s • Merrimack fight to a draw • B. New Weapons • Rifles more accurate, faster loading, fire more rounds than muskets • grenades, land mines are used • Fighting from trenches new advantage http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/civil-war-technology NEXT

  9. http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/battle-of-antietamhttp://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/battle-of-antietam SECTION 1 VI. The War for the Capitals • A. Antietam • Lee wins Second Battle of Bull Run; marches • into Maryland • Lee, McClellan clash at Antietam—bloodiest single-day battle • Battle a standoff; Confederates retreat; • McClellan does not pursue • - Lincoln fires McClellan NEXT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lJiMlgvygvc

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