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PAPER 1 IB History Topics

PAPER 1 IB History Topics. Option 3: Communism in Crisis 1976-1989. Vocab to Know. Four Modernizations Revisionist Great Leap Forward (GLF) Cult of Personality Bourgeois The Red Guard Pragmatists Politburo Ideologue Plenum Stakhanovism Presidium Glasnost Perestroika

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PAPER 1 IB History Topics

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  1. PAPER 1IB History Topics

  2. Option 3:Communism in Crisis 1976-1989

  3. Vocab to Know • Four Modernizations Revisionist • Great Leap Forward (GLF) • Cult of Personality • Bourgeois The Red Guard • Pragmatists Politburo • Ideologue Plenum • Stakhanovism Presidium • Glasnost Perestroika • Collectivization Nomenklatura • Samizdat/Tamizdat Gerontocracy • Demokratiztsiya Apparatchik

  4. People to Know • PRC: Mao Zedong, Hua Guofeng, Deng Xiaoping, Gang of Four (Jiang Qing), Zhou Enlai • USSR: Brezhnev, (Andropov, Chernenko), Gorbachev • Afghanistan: Nur Mohammed Taraki • USA: Ford, Carter, Reagan • Note: Deng (PRC) succeeded; Gorbachev (USSR) failed

  5. Events to Know • PRC: Death of Mao Zedong, struggle for power (PRC), Tiananmen Square, Great Leap Forward, Cultural Revolution, Qingming Festival, Ten Year Plan • USSR: Afghanistan, Virgin Lands and Corn programs, The Brezhnev Doctrine, MPLA, Frelimo, PDPA, Mujahideen, Chernobyl disaster, Solidarity (Poland), Fall of Wall (East Germany), Sinatra Doctrine

  6. Chinese History (PRC) • 1949 Communist Party wins Chinese Civil War • 1949- 1976 Mao Zedong, PRC • Mao had followed Stalin’s plans: • Cult of Personality: (See PPT Mao) • Great Leap Forward (GLF): 1950s, econ. & social plan, people’s communes, left 36 million dead (famine) • Socialist Education Movement (SEM) • Cultural Revolution: 1966-1976, violent mass movement (teens), resulted in social, political, economic chaos (10 Lost Years) • 1972 Sino-Soviet Split: Mao did not want to de-Stalinize. Called the Soviets revisionists • Mao also met with Nixon, UN

  7. Chinese History (PRC) • 1949-1976 Zhou Enlai (1st Premier) • Instrumental to Mao, develop. economy and restructuring Chinese society. • He joined the Gang of Four early on (died before Mao, 1976) • He was not in the final Gang of Four

  8. Chinese History (PRC) • Liu Shaoqi 1959-1968 • Chairman PRC, Head of state with Mao, • implemented policies of economic reconstruction in China. • He fell out of favor in the late 1960s during the Cultural Revoltuion “too right-wing” • Mao viewed Liu as a threat to his power. • Disappeared from public life in 1968 and was labeled a traitor. • He died under harsh treatment in late 1969 • Deng later gave him a state funeral 1980.

  9. Chinese History (PRC) • Mao warned his last wife (Jiang Qing), “Do not try to begin a gang of four to accumulate power.” • Mao wantedHua Guofengto lead after his death. • 1976 Mao’s death • 1976 The Gang of Four tried to take over, leftist political faction • 4 Communist officials: Jiang Qing, (Mao’s last wife, leader of the group) Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan, and Wang Hongwen. • Oct 6, 1976 (1 mo after Mao’s death) arrested, blamed for everything that went wrong with the Cultural Revolution

  10. Chinese History (PRC) • Hua Guofeng: • Nicknamed “the butcher of Hunan” he suppress the red guards in 1968, more than 140,000 deaths. • Was Mao’s designated successor • When Zhou Enlai died in 1976, Hua Guofeng became 2nd Premier of the PRC (this surprised Jiang Qing and the Gang of Four) • Party officials gave him 3 jobs: 1. get rid of the Gang of Four, rehabilitate Deng, 3. engage in moderization • He ended the Cultural Revolution, ousted the Gang of Four • He reinstated Deng to the Party (Politburo) • Deng was put in charge of the “Four Modernizations”: agriculture, industry, science/technology, and natl defense. • This gave Deng economic and political power

  11. Chinese History (PRC) • Hua Guofeng: • Hua insisted on continuing Maoist ways (which may have been his downfall) • Economic and political programs involved the restoration of Soviet-style industrial planning and party control • The Two Whatevers refers to the statement "We will resolutely uphold whatever policy decisions Mao made, and unswervingly follow whatever instructions Chairman Mao gave" • Deng Xiaoping argued for a more market based economic system, Deng used the Two Whatevers statement to gain support. • Hua attempted to elevate his prestige. 1977 all portraits of Mao and Hua should be hung side-by-side (new Cult of Personality?) • A few years later (1980), he was outmaneuvered by Deng Xiaoping, who forced Hua into early retirement. • By 1982 Deng had full control

  12. Chinese History (PRC) • Deng Xiaoping: • Had been with Mao from the beginning, often sent for “re-education” • 1968 he was forced to confess; a “counter-revolutionary”, driven out of Beijing. Denied politburo status for 6 yrs. • Zhou Enlai liked Deng. Asked to have him back in the party. • 1974 Deng became First Vice-Premier, running daily affairs, focused on reconstructing the economy, stressed unity as first step to raising production. Careful not to displease Mao. Mao was often suspicion of Deng. • Zhou Enlai died in January 1976. Deng lost his supporter. • The Gang saw Deng as their greatest challenge to power. • Mao chose Hua Guofeng, not Deng, to become Zhou’s successor • Mao dies. Deng worked his way through the party to remove power from Mao’s chosen successor Hua Guofeng(by 1982 had full control)

  13. Chinese History (PRC) • Deng Xiaoping: • New Ten Year Plan 1978 (Hua Guofeng announced it) • 1978-1982 reformed economy, gradually dismantled Mao’s ideas, helped rural people, peasants could sell crops in the market, removed “work units” that controlled housing, healthcare, education, allowed other businesses besides agriculture (7 years, output rose 48%) • Open Door Policy: He opened China to foreign investment, intl trade, promoted exports (exports rose from $14 billion in 1979-to $436 billion in 2003) • Sep. the government from the Party, could now implement ideas that were not communist ideology • “Socialism with Chinese characteristics” • “It doesn’t matter if the cat is black or white, so long as it catches mice.” • “To get rich is glorious.” • Deng took a lesser role in leadership, always allowing someone else to be the figurehead (1978-1990s) • But Deng was able to open up China to the west and to open some reforms for the people. • Deng successfully put down Tiananmen Square and maintain China as Communist while Russia lost her footing

  14. Chinese History (PRC) • 1989, Hu Yaobang, (pro-reform leader) died • Sparked the 1989 Tiananmen Squareprotests.Students, others campaigned for months for demo. rights, free speech • “Tank Man” • Protests were shut down June 4th, 1989

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