Muscle Histology & Human Skeletal Anatomy Labs Guide

1. Bio 101 Laboratories 11 & 12 Muscle HistologyGross Human Skeletal MuscleCat Muscle Dissection

2. What you should do in labs 11 & 12 … • Today (Lab 11) • Muscle Histology (skeletal, smooth, cardiac) • Human gross skeletal muscle anatomy • Begin cat muscle dissection • Get tested on histology and human skeletal muscle before leaving • Next Lab (Lab 12) • Finish cat muscle dissection • Review muscle histology • Review human gross skeletal muscle anatomy • Get tested on cat muscles before leaving • Note: Items with have been ADDED to your list of HUMAN muscles to know. Items indicated on figures with a were already on your Study Guide. ** *

3. Histology of Muscle Tissue • Three types of muscle tissue you will need to view under the microscope • Skeletal (slide # 1310) • Cardiac w/intercalated disc (slide # 1790) • Smooth (slide # 1250, 3008 – histological preparation) See Activity 4 (pp. 83-84) in Marieb’s Lab Manual Muscle Tissue Characteristics Complete #19 (table), Review Sheet 6, page 88. This will give you a good comparison table to study for the lab exam

4. Skeletal Muscle • Major characteristics • Contractile • Voluntary • Striated • Multinucleated • Unbranched • Major Functions • Voluntary movement • Heat generation

5. Skeletal Muscle Notice that this tissue is: Striated, multinucleated, non-branched

6. Cardiac Muscle • Major characteristics • Contractile • Involuntary • Striated • Single nucleus • Branched • Intercalated discs • Major Function • Pump blood

7. Cardiac Muscle Notice that this tissue is: Striated, mononucleated, branched, and hasintercalated disks

8. Smooth Muscle • Major characteristics • Contractile • Involuntary • NOT Striated • Single, centrally located nucleus • Unbranched • Major Function • Controls size/shape of organs • Constricts blood vessels

9. Smooth Muscle Cytology Notice that this tissue is: Not striated, mononucleated, and non-branched Histology

10. Human Gross Skeletal Anatomy • Use Figures 15.2 (page 200) and 15.3 (page 201) in Marieb’s Exercise 15 for an overview. • Look at your Study Guide for a list of the muscles for which you’ll be responsible on the lab exam • Refer to the Human Muscle Table in your Study Guide for more specifics on the muscles you need to know. • Look at Exercise 46, Surface Anatomy Roundup, beginning on page 679 in Marieb’s Laboratory Manual to view the superficial anatomy of the human skeletal muscles. (Especially important for clinical practice)

11. Human Skeletal Muscle Gross Anatomy • Muscular system • All skeletal muscles that can be controlled voluntarily • Approximately 700 skeletal muscles in humans • Shape or appearance give clues to function • Locomotion and posture; work across joints • Origin – point of muscle attachment that moves least • Insertion – point of muscle attachment that moves most • Support soft tissue; sheets between bony tissue • Guard body entrances/exits; encircle opening

12. How Skeletal Muscles Are Named • Characteristics used to name skeletal muscles • Direction • Orientation relative to body midline • Rectus, transverse, oblique • Size • Relative size of muscle • Maximus, minimus, longus, brevis, lattissimus, vastus • Shape • Relative shape of muscle • Deltoid, trapezius, serratus, rhomboid

13. How Skeletal Muscles Are Named • Characteristics used to name skeletal muscles • Action • Principle action • Flexor, extensor, abductor, adductor, rotator • Number of origins • Number of tendons of origin • Biceps (2), triceps (3), quadriceps (4) • Location • Temporalis, femoris • Origin and insertion (Origin is always first in name) • Sternocleidomastoid, stylohyoid

14. Muscles of the Head * * * * * Notice how the origins and insertions work… http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscularsystem/menu/menu.html Also see the PAL in Mastering A&P for skeletal muscle

15. Muscles of the Upper Body * * * * * * *

16. Muscles of the Upper Body * * * * *

17. Muscles of the upper limb * * * * * * * * * *

18. Muscles of the Anterior Forearm * * * * *

19. Muscles Acting on Femur, Tibia, and Fibula * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Figures from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

20. Muscles that Move the Foot * *

21. Muscles that Move the Foot * * * * *

22. Cat Dissection • Refer to the Cat Dissection Exercise 1 beginning on page 697 of Marieb’s Laboratory Manual. • Use the Cat Dissection Guideline handout distributed today; using the scalpel, blunt probe and gloved fingers… • Refer to your Laboratory Guide for a list of the cat muscles you’ll need to identify for the lab exam. • Note: • Some muscles are superficial and some are deep • It’s best to do superficial dissection on one side of the cat, and deep dissection on the other

23. Pectoantebrachialis * * Tibialis anterior * Pectoralis minor * * External oblique Gracilis * Xiphihumeralis Sartorius * * Pectoralis major Gastrocnemius

24. * Levator scapulae ventralis External oblique * * Clavotrapezius * Semitendinosus Gastrocnemius * Spinotrapezius * * Latissimus dorsi Sartorius * * Gluteal muscles Biceps femoris * Clavodeltoid * * Spinodeltoid Tensor fasciae latae Acromiotrapezius Lumbodorsal fascia Acromio-, clavo-, and spinotrapezius = Trapezius Acromio-, clavo-, and spinodeltoid = Deltoid

25. Digastric muscles Mylohyoid * Sternohyoid Sternomastoid * Clavotrapezius ID neck muscles by photograph only

26. * Pectoantebrachialis * Pectoralis minor Xiphihumeralis * Pectoralis major

27. * Pectoralis major * Pectoantebrachialis * Pectoralis minor Xiphihumeralis * External oblique * Rectus abdominis

28. * Pectoantebrachialis * Latissimus dorsi Xiphihumeralis

29. * External oblique (cut and reflected) * Rectus abdominis * Transversus abdominis * Internal oblique

30. * Pectoantebrachialis * Pectoralis major * Serratus ventralis (anterior) * Rectus abdominis

31. * Lumbodorsal fascia Latissimus dorsi * Spinodeltoid * Acromiotrapezius * Clavotrapezius * Spinotrapezius * Clavodeltoid Levator scapulae ventralis * Acromiodeltoid

32. * Spinotrapezius * Clavotrapezius * Acromiotrapezius * Latissimus dorsi Acromio-, clavo-, and spinotrapezius = Trapezius

33. * Clavotrapezius * Clavodeltoid Levator scapulae ventralis * Acromiodeltoid * * Acromiotrapezius Spinodeltoid Spinotrapezius * * Latissimus dorsi Acromio-, clavo-, and spinodeltoid = Deltoid

34. * Brachioradialis * Biceps brachii * Pronator teres Triceps brachii (medial head) *

35. Flexor carpi radialis * Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis Flexor digitorum profundus * Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulnaris * Pronator teres * Biceps brachii * Triceps brachii Epitrochlearis

36. * Biceps brachii * Brachioradialis Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor carpi radialis Pronator teres * Epitrochlearis * Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulnaris

37. Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorum lateralis * Brachioradialis Extensor digitorum communis * Triceps brachii (lateral head) Extensor carpi radialis longus * Triceps brachii (long head) * Clavodeltoid * Spinodeltoid * Acromiodeltoid * Clavotrapezius

38. * Brachioradialis * Clavodeltoid * Triceps brachii (lateral and long heads)

39. * Sartorius * Gracilis

40. * Adductor longus * Adductor femoris * Semimembranosus Pectineus * Tensor fasciae latae * Rectus femoris Vastus medialis * * Vastus lateralis Fascia lata

41. * Rectus femoris Pectineus * * Vastus lateralis Adductor longus * Adductor femoris * Vastus medialis * Semimembranosus

42. * Tibialis anterior * Gastrocnemius Plantaris Flexor digitorum longus

43. * Flexor digitorum longus * Gastrocnemius * Tibialis anterior

44. * Tensor fasciae latae * Biceps femoris * Gluteus medius * Semimembranosus * Semitendinosus * Gluteus maximus Caudofemoralis

45. * Gluteus medius * Gluteus maximus Caudofemoralis * Biceps femoris * Gastrocnemius * Semitendinosus

46. Extensor digitorum longus * Gastrocnemius * Soleus * Fibularis muscles

47. Remaining Labs for Semester… • Lab 13 – Nervous System • Human Brain – Marieb Exercise 19 • Sheep brain - Marieb Exercise 19 • Lab 14 • Eye Anatomy – Marieb Exercise 24 • Ear Anatomy – Marieb Exercise 25 • (We will not be doing any physiology in lab) • Lab Exam 3 – scheduled for 4/30/13