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The Treaty of Versailles was signed on November 11, 1918, ending World War I. It imposed harsh penalties on Germany, leading to economic struggles and resentment. The treaty created new nations, disarmed Germany, and established the League of Nations. Impact included German discontent, American isolation, colonial independence movements, and the collapse of empires. Learn how this pivotal treaty shaped the post-war world.
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The Treaty of Versailles WHII 9b
Peace • In July 1918, the Allies started winning more victories and gaining more ground from Germany. • By the fall of 1918, new members of the German government wanted to negotiate for peace. • One by one, the Central Powers started backing out of the war.
11th Month, 11th Day, 11th Hour • On November 11th, at 11:00 A.M., the Allies and Germany agreed to an armistice • Armistice: a cease-fire agreement where neither side wins or loses. • Kaiser Wilhelm II is overthrown in Germany, and a republic is formed. • Wilhelm blames the Jews and Socialists for Germany’s defeat.
Entente Powers Military Deaths Total Deaths Military Wounded
The Big Four Vittorio Orlando Georges Clemenceau Woodrow Wilson David Lloyd George
France • Get rid of Germany’s military. • Germany pay them money (reparations) • Put their Army in Germany until $$ was paid.
Great Britain • Agreed with France • Wanted to make sure Germany was strong to keep it from becoming Communist.
Italy • WANTED LAND!!!!!!!
United States • Wanted democracy and self-determinations of nations. • Wanted a international body to keep peace in the world.
14 Points • Woodrow Wilson’s plan for peace. • Wanted to make democracy safe for the world.
1. War Guilt Clause • France and Britain forced Germany to accept responsibility for starting WWI. • Germany was mad, but could do nothing about it.
2. Germany Lost Land • France takes back Alsace and Lorraine from Germany. • France keeps army in Germany until Germany pays up.
3. German Military • Germany was forced to disarm • Could only have 100,000 soldiers • Navy could only have 12 ships (no subs) • Could have no air force
4. Reparations • Germany was forced to pay the Allies money to help rebuild after war. • Total amount was $33 billion dollars!! • $392,433,486,462.40 today!!! • They had 50 years to repay all the money.
5. New Countries Created • New countries were created out of Germany, Russia and Austrian-Hungarian Empire. • Countries were created based on language
6. League of Nations • International body created to keep peace throughout world. • Problems: • Had no military force behind it. • United States and Russia did not join.
1. Germans Felt the Treaty was Harsh • They could not pay the reparations. • The terms of the Treaty were disrespectful • Punishments made their economy go down the toilet
2. American Isolation • America did not agree with what Pres. Wilson did. • The Senate voted against the Treaty and joining the League of Nations. • The US spent the next 20 years ignoring what was happening in the world.
3. Colonies • Colonies wanted to gain independence from Europe as a result of the war. • People started fighting and demanded independence one by one throughout the world.
4. End of Empires • No more huge empires • Austrian-Hungarian • German • Russian • Ottoman
