CPTED (Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design) for Schools

1. CPTED(Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design)forSchools Crime Prevention Part II TCLEOSE #2102 This curriculum is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS 2009 written and developed by Sgt Steve Garst LLC, CCPS.

2. Steve Garst L.C.C., C.C.P.S. • B.B.A. Degree – Sam Houston State University • 15 years law enforcement experience • Law Enforcement Management Institute of Texas (LEMIT) Leadership Command College (LCC) – Class # 41 • Former Sergeant and Coordinator of School Safety – Conroe ISD • TCLEOSE Master Peace Officer • TCLEOSE Instructor Certification • Certified Crime Prevention Specialist Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

3. Presentation Objectives • Quickly review CPTED definitions and concepts • Briefly cover importance of core technology - locks, lights, alarms, cameras, etc. • Look at the use of colors in a CPTED context • Look at the use of artwork in a CPTED context • Cover floor plan basics and alternate usage methods • Throughout…present realistic CPTED applications useful to YOU.

4. Presentation Objectives • Make you think! • Get you used to looking for: • Common solutions in uncommon ways • Uncommon solutions in common ways • What if? (Everything)

5. CPTED Axiom Convenience Kills Safety

6. Enforce the Rules (Uniformly, fairly, consistently) …or get rid of the rule! REMEMBER When the smallest of rules go unenforced, all the rest become mere suggestions. Steve Garst

7. CPTED Emphasis Physical Environment ….. affects Behavior of people….. affects Productive use of space….. affects Crime/loss prevention

8. Definitions What is Crime Prevention? “The anticipation, recognition, and appraisal of a crime risk and the initiation of action to remove or reduce it.”

9. Operational Definition What is Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design? Proper design and effective use of the built environment can lead to a reduction in the incidence and fear of crime and an improvement in the quality of life.

10. FourD’sof Crime Prevention 1. Deter the criminal attack 2. Detect the attack 3. Delay the attack 4. Deny access to selected targets

11. Four Key Concepts of CPTED 1.) Natural Surveillance • Place physical features, activities, and people in a way that maximizes visibility. • Public spaces, walks, etc. well lighted at night

12. Obstacles to Natural Surveillance • Solid walls – lack of windows • Solid fences - i.e. brick • Low, untrimmed tree limbs • High, untrimmed shrubs • Inadequate, non-existent, poorly maintained lighting

13. Four Concepts – cont. 2.) Natural Access Control Physically guiding people coming and going from a space by strategically placing entrances, exits, fences, landscaping and lighting.

14. Obstacles to Natural Access Control • Unsupervised entry or exit • Unlocked secondary entrances • Inadequate or non-existent alarmed areas • Blind hallways or entrances

15. Four Concepts – cont. 3.) Territorial Reinforcement Using physical attributes that express ownership such as fences, pavement treatment, art, signage, and lighting.

16. Obstacles to Territoriality • Poor border definition • Lack of signage • Poor registration and tracking of visitors • Lack of student and employee badges • Failure to consider school uniforms

17. Visibility Issues Must NOT obstruct visibility A solid barrier has two negative effects… • Provides a shield for unauthorized activity • Prohibits visual inspection of the property

18. Your Building Paving or Walk Material Different from Public Walk Your Building Sidewalk Your Driveway Lighting Fence or low landscaping Green Belt Public Sidewalk Grass, dirt, gravel, other area Highway

19. Four Concepts – concluded 4.) Maintenance Allows for the continued use of space for its intended purpose Serves as additional expression of ownership Prevents reduction of visibility (overgrowth)

20. Maintenance A very important, but often ignored aspect… Must be inspected on a periodic basis to determine condition and guard against digging, damage, climbing aides, etc. Locks on gates and other openings in the barrier must be inspected periodically and changed at planned intervals “BROKEN WINDOWS” concept

21. Three Lines of Defense Perimeter Barriers - The first line of defense Buildings exterior - Walls, floor and roof Building interior

22. Perimeter Barrier… The First Line of Defense What is a barrier? Anything that restricts or obstructs Fences Landscaping Can be a psychological barrier Lighting Crime Scene Tape Rope

23. Building Exterior – Second Line of Defense Consider principle points of entry Doors Windows Roof hatches Skylights Floors Storm sewers Window air conditioner In other words…. Consider not only sides but top and bottom. Concessions made on the first line of defense should be made up for here

24. Interior Controls – Third Line of Defense Complex area and may vary considerably from building to building Considerations are: Key control Locks Cameras Metal detectors Alarms Type of glass Access

25. Locks and Key Control Do you know where your keys are? When did you last re-key your building? Can you swap keyways with those from other campuses? Can you swap keyways with those from other districts? How about mag cards? Ease of control – costly up front/cheaper in the long-run – more useful in lockdowns.

26. Lights and Lighting • Most effective crime prevention tool • Choose the right light for it’s location and intended purpose – (different lights yield different lighting and color rendition) • Not just more light, more effective light

28. Alarms • First notification of a breach • Who gets the notification? • Is the alarm “zoned” for better coverage? • Is the system maintained, including preventive maintenance?

29. Cameras • Best way to increase your “eyes” • Most cost effective if wired into new building construction • Should be integrated with alarms • Provides proof of illegal or unauthorized activity –(eases prosecution – quiets vocal parents)

30. The Use of Color Do colors affect people? Yes If that is true, then can colors be used to influence the “effective use” of an environment?

32. Red …symbolizes heat, fire, blood, passion, love, warmth, power, excitement and aggression …can elevate blood pressure and respiratory rate …emotionally intense and extremely dominating …makes people anxious …can cause people to loose track of time (Viva Las Vegas) …can be an appetite stimulant

34. Yellow …excessive use can cause eye irritation and can speed metabolism …in moderate amounts can… …produce sensations of brightness and warmth …represent playfulness, light, creativity, easygoing attitude …attention getter, but like sunlight… you want it to be there, but you don’t want it in your eyes. …most visible of all colors – attention getter

36. Green ..is a universal symbol of nature and money …symbolizes life, youth, renewal, hope …is the easiest color on the eyes …calming effect on nervous system (the Green Room for TV guests) Dark Green-- cool, masculine, conservative, and implies wealth. Emerald Green-- immortality. Olive Green-- the color of peace.

37. However… Colors can be deceiving Colors can take on different hues depending on location or proximity to other colors

38. Is the color in the center the same or different?

39. The red center looks different in relation to it’s background

40. The same color will appear different under various types of lighting.

41. The use of art to create…

42. In a hallway, you want students to move, not stand and visit.

43. …but be careful You may get them moving faster than you want!

44. In the cafeteria, you want them sitting down eating, so… ,,,Create serenity.

45. Don’t create motion, especially swift motion like...

46. Animals and motion…do you want them moving?

47. …but not moving too fast…

48. Or…do you want them passive, sitting…grazing?

49. Be aware of the intent and the picture being used. Some differences are very subtle. Passive Aggressive

50. B O Y ’ S G Y M Move them with simple arrows…