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Explore the transformation of urban areas from compact old cities to the rise of skyscrapers, nouveau riche, and the middle class fueled by new industries. Witness the changing lifestyle, architecture, and societal norms shaping the urban landscape since the second industrial revolution.
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Growing Pains of the Urban World We cannot all live in cities, yet nearly all seem to be determined to do so.” –Henry Blake Fuller
Before the second industrial revolution cities were compact. • Usually less than a 45 minute walk to the city center. • Buildings were commonly only 3 or 4 stories high The Changing City (Old Cities)
By the late 1800’s new technological innovations, and a flood of immigrants transformed the urban landscape. • 1865-1900 percentage of people living in cities doubled from 20% to 40% • This shift would affect what it was like to live in an urban area. The Changing City (On the Rise)
No room left to build on….Have to build up • Skyscrapers • 1852 Elisha Otis developed the elevator • Steel frames • Mass transit expands cities outwards • You can live further away from the center of the city!! • Suburbs The Changing City
There was a new group of rich guys in the urban areas now. • They made their money in new industries like oil, steel, mining, and railroads. Nouveau Riche (newly rich)
Many members of the nouveau riche would show off their success by spending tons of money on homes and material items. • Extravagant homes, parties, and philanthropy were ways of spending money. (donations sometimes were just to show off) • Success measured by money Conspicuous Consumption
Many of the nouveau riche were concerned with following British etiquette for social behavior. • Many publications explained how to follow etiquette. • WOMEN WERE HOMEMAKERS!! Imitating British Culture
Growth of new industries middle class • Doctors, lawyers, teachers, and small business owners have existed in middle class since colonial times. • Now we would add accountants, clerks, engineers, managers, and salespeople. Middle Class
New industries in Urban areas are requiring more educated workers • Prior to 1800’s not much was done to license or certify doctors, lawyers, teachers or technicians. • Late 1800’s more and more professional schools and organizations pop up in urban areas. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yOFGhnr4rto Professionalization