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Social Groups and Interaction: Understanding Group Dynamics

Explore the various types of social groups, from primary and secondary groups to in-groups and out-groups. Learn about the rules and behaviors that guide group interaction, and how individuals manage their impressions in a group setting. Discover the differences between informal and formal organizations, including voluntary associations and bureaucratic structures.

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Social Groups and Interaction: Understanding Group Dynamics

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  1. Chapter 6 Interaction in Groups Key Terms

  2. Social categoryA collection of individuals who are grouped together because they share a trait deemed by the observer to be socially relevant. • Social groupA set of two or more individuals who share a sense of common identity and belonging and who interact on a regular basis.

  3. Primary groupA social group characterized by intimate, face-to-face associations. • Secondary groupA social group whose members have a shared goal or purpose but are not bound together by strong emotional ties.

  4. DyadA group consisting of two people. • TriadA group consisting of three people.

  5. CommunityA set of primary and secondary groups in which the individual carries out important life functions. • Territorial communityA population that functions within a particular geographic area.

  6. Nonterritorial communityA network of relationships formed around shared goals. • In-groupA social group to which an individual has a feeling of allegiance; usually, but not always, a primary group.

  7. Out-groupAny social group to which an individual does not have a feeling of allegiance; may be in competition or conflict with the in-group. • Reference groupA group that an individual uses as a frame of reference for self-evaluation and attitude formation.

  8. EthnomethodologyThe study of the underlying rules of behavior that guide group interaction. • Dramaturgical approachAn approach to research on interaction in groups that is based on the recognition that much social interaction depends on the desire to impress those who may be watching.

  9. Impression managementThe strategies one uses to “set a stage” for one’s own purposes. • Informal organizationA group whose norms and statuses are generally agreed upon but are not set down in writing.

  10. Formal organizationA group that has an explicit set of norms, statuses, and roles that specify each member’s relationships to the others and the conditions under which those relationships hold. • Voluntary associationA formal organization whose members pursue shared interests and arrive at decisions through some sort of democratic process.

  11. BureaucracyA formal organization characterized by a clearly defined hierarchy with a commitment to rules, efficiency, and impersonality.

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