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Title Slide. All-Terrain Vehicle Injury Prevention. Injury Free Coalition for Kids. Definition. All-Terrain Vehicles. ATV’s are 3 or 4 wheeled motorized vehicles first sold in early 1980’s as work and recreational vehicles By mid-1980’s, there were >100,000

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  1. Title Slide All-Terrain Vehicle Injury Prevention Injury Free Coalition for Kids

  2. Definition All-Terrain Vehicles • ATV’s are 3 or 4 wheeled motorized • vehicles first sold in early 1980’s as • work and recreational vehicles • By mid-1980’s, there were >100,000 • emergency visits and about 350 • deaths associated with ATVs • annually

  3. Characteristics ATV Characteristics • Gasoline powered • Knobby tires • High center of gravity • Engine displacement 50 to more than 500 cm3 • May reach speeds of 60-75 MPH • Designed for a single rider • Designed for off-road use

  4. History ATV History • 300% increase in emergency • department visits from 1983-1986 • Consumer Product Safety Commission • (CPSC) intervened in 1988 and 1998 • - Banned three-wheeled ATV’s • - 10 year consent decree required: • - warning labels • - industry voluntary safety standards • - nationwide training program • - retailers not to sell adult-sized ATVs to children <16 years of age

  5. Injuries ATV Injuries • Since 1997, the number of ATV injuries • has more than doubled! • - from 54,700 in 1997 • - to 111,700 in 2001 • During this time period, use of ATV’s • has increased by only about 50% • Injuries to • children increased • 57% between 1997 • and 2001 Consumer Product Safety Commission, 2003

  6. Common Injuries Common ATV-related injuries: • Head injuries • Spinal trauma • Abdominal trauma • Abrasions and lacerations • Clavicle/extremity fractures and dislocations

  7. Deaths ATV Deaths • Deaths occur in: • Collisions (56% of deaths) • - more than half with fixed object • Overturns (35% of deaths) • - backward more common than forward • 60% occur on roadways • Only 1% on ATV trails Consumer Product Safety Commission, 1998

  8. At risk populations Population at Risk • Children under 16 years old constitute: • 14% of all drivers • 40% of all injuries • 35% of all ATV-related deaths • Males are over-represented: • 3 times more likely to experience injury • Younger males most at risk • Most children (95%) are operating • vehicles rated for adults Consumer Product Safety Commission, 1998

  9. Regulations ATV Regulations • 44 states have at least minimal ATV legislation • Typical legislation includes parental supervision for young children, licensing/registration requirements, and bans on riding ATVs on public roads • States without these laws have significantly higher death rates AJPH, 91: 1792-1795, November 2001

  10. AAP Recommendations American Academy of Pediatrics Recommendations, 2000 Education about: • motorcycle helmets • eye protection • protective reflective clothing Pediatrics, 105: 1352-54, June 2000

  11. AAP, cont’d American Academy of Pediatrics Recommendations, 2000 Engineering approaches: • seat belts • roll bars • headlights • speed governors

  12. AAP, cont’d American Academy of Pediatrics Recommendations, 2000 Legislation regarding: • helmet use • banning 3 wheelers • requirements for licensing/certification • minimum driver age 16 years • prohibition of alcohol, passengers, and ATV use at night

  13. Summary Summary and Recommendations • ATV injuries experienced by children are common and serious • Increased educational efforts are needed to alert parents about risk to children • Advocacy to increase helmet use and other safety behaviors may lead to decreased injuries • Existing laws need enforcement

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