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Chapter 5 – IP Addressing

Chapter 5 – IP Addressing. IP Address Fundamentals. Each host is assigned a unique IP address for each network connection (NIC) An IP address is a 32-bit address, written as four octets (bytes) separated by periods Example: 195.143.67.2 This notation is called dotted decimal notation

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Chapter 5 – IP Addressing

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  1. Chapter 5 – IP Addressing

  2. IP Address Fundamentals • Each host is assigned a unique IP address for each network connection (NIC) • An IP address is a 32-bit address, written as four octets (bytes) separated by periods • Example: 195.143.67.2 • This notation is called dotted decimal notation • Each address has an associated subnet mask tha divides the address into its network and host components • The network portion identifies where the host is located and host portion identifies device

  3. IP Address Coordination • IP Address assignments must be carefully coordinated • Internet Network Information Center (InterNIC) is responsible for coordinating IP addresses • To get an address, you may contact : • InterNIC Registration Services • C/o Network Solutions, Inc. • 505 Huntmar Park Drive • Herndon, VA. 22070 • Hostmaster@internic.net

  4. IP Address Classes • Five address classes are supported (A-E) • Only Classes A, B, and C are assigned to the general user community • Class D is reserved for multicasting • Class E is reserved for experimental purposes

  5. Class A IP Address • Leading octet starts with 0 • Subnet mask of 255.0.0.0 • Network range 1-126 • Number of networks: 126 • Number of hosts per network: 16,777,214 • All Class A addresses have been allocated

  6. Class B IP Address • Leading octet starts with 10 • Subnet mask of 255.255.0.0 • Network range: 128.0 – 191.255 • Number of networks: 16,384 • Number of hosts per network: 65,534 • Class B addresses are hard to obtain • Mercer has a Class B (owned by Peachnet) that is sublet to Mercer, Macon State, and UGA

  7. Class C IP Address • Leading octet starts with 110 • Subnet Mask of 255.255.255.0 • Network range: 192.0.0 – 223.255.255 • Number of networks: 2,097,152 • Number of hosts per network: 254

  8. Class D IP Address • Leading octet starts with 1110 • Network range: 224 – 239

  9. IP Classes • Note that the first octet tells you what class the IP address is in • A: 1-126 • B: 128-191 • C: 192 – 223 • D: 224 – 239

  10. Special IP Addressing

  11. Use Windows Calculator to Convert Between Dec and Bin • Open Windows calculator from the Accessories program group • Under View, select Scientific • Select Dec option • Enter a decimal number • Select Bin option to convert to binary

  12. Concept of Subnetting • Through subnetting, you can improve network efficiency • Keeps local traffic local by keeping systems that need to share information together on their own subnet • Makes job of setting up and managing routers easier • Makes good use of assigned addresses

  13. Subnetting Example • Assume you have been assigned a Class B address of 155.110.0.0 • Default subnet mask is 255.255.0.0 • You have the potential for 65,534 host all on the same physical network • What to do if you want some subnets in your network? • See Handout with Table: Class B Subnetting

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