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Presentation outline. Introduction Outline of the International Report 2008… Objectives Audience Data sources Structure … And its Compendium of practices Content of the International Report 2008 Conceptual framework: key definitions Main results of the thematic analysis

paul-compton
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  1. Presentation outline • Introduction • Outline of the International Report 2008… • Objectives • Audience • Data sources • Structure … And its Compendium of practices • Content of the International Report 2008 • Conceptual framework: key definitions • Main results of the thematic analysis • Main results of the comparative analysis • Conclusion and perspectives

  2. Introduction • The International report is first of its kind at the international level. It presents: • An overview of the main issues linked to crime, safety and victimisation in the world and the types of prevention they elicit • A global picture exclusively dedicated to comprehensive prevention

  3. What is the International Report? • An analytical tool of crime prevention strategies implemented across the world • An instrument to disseminate the most relevant practices and policies • A marker of emerging challenges, published every two years

  4. Who is the International Report adressed to? • Decision-makers in different jurisdictions: cities, regions and countries • Professionals and specialised practitioners, non governmental organisations, and members of civil society engaged in crime prevention • International organisations, United Nations’ agencies and affiliated, developpment banks and donors • Researchers specialised in crime prevention

  5. What does the International Report rely on? • - A diversity of data sources: • Information produced by international and regional bodies • Information produced byresource centres and specialized networks in crime prevention • Public informationrelating to government crime prevention initiatives and policies (national, regional, local), and from NGOs and community based organisations working on crime prevention and community safety. • Scientific literaturespecifically dedicated to crime prevention and published since 2002. • - The consultation of experts in the field as well as ICPC’s Members States and Partners all around the world • - The comments of an Editorial Advisory Committee with a diverse geographical, institutional and disciplinary background. • Obstacles: - Unequal distribution of useful information - Comparison of disparate or unrelated situations

  6. How is the International Report structured? • 2 main sections: • - A thematic analysis of the main crime and community safety issues, selected on the basis of their relevance and importance in current debates on crime prevention and community safety • Youth Safety, Women’s Safety, School Safety, and Safety in Public Spaces and in the Context of Major Sports Events • - A comparative analysis of evolving trends in policies and in the implementation of prevention practices beyond any targeted phenomena • Boxes which provide accounts of concepts, public services, tools, evaluations, or references in the field of crime prevention • Contributions by international experts shedding light on specific themes

  7. The Compendium in Brief • The International Report is accompanied by an International Compendium of 60 Crime Prevention Practices from 30 different countries, which: • - Includes short accounts of what communities can do to prevent and respond to crime challenges - Provides a wide array of ideas, and reconfirms the benefits of processes in relation to strategic and effective crime prevention - Is divided into five main thematic sections: . Aspects of Community Safety, Youth at Risk, Youth Gangs, Community Safety and Indienous People, Police-Community Partnerships in Crime Prevention

  8. Key Definitions • Crime Prevention • ”Comprises strategies and measures that seek to reduce the risk of crimes occurring, and their potential harmful effects on individuals and society, including fear of crime, by intervening to influence their multiple causes”. UN Guidelines for the Prevention of Crime 2002 • Community Safety • Refers to a sense of well being and the quality of life of a community or neighbourhood. It also suggests the collective nature of creating a safe community.

  9. Main results of the thematic analysis (1) • Despite a global trend towards the stabilization of crime, marked regional diparities still exist and the impact of social factors on community safety remain strong Source: Estimate based on data collected by ICVS (1996-2005), on a basis of 1000 respondents

  10. Source: Estimate based on data collected by the United Nations Survey (1998-2004)

  11. Main results of the thematic analysis (2) 1/3 to 2/3 of women state having experienced violence in their life time As women’s safety is a global concern these recent years, an increase in national action plans as well as city-level integrated strategies has been established. Source: International Violence against Women Survey, analysed by Holly Johnson, in International Report 2008

  12. Main results of the thematic analysis (3) Young men aged 15-24 represent the group with the highest rate of offending and victimisation worldwide. Participative and integrated approaches are increasingly being recognised and found to be the mose effective to prevent this duality Examples in ...Brazil (Grupo Afroreggae, Children’s Hope Space); ...Colombia (El Golbiano-el Juego de la Paz); ...Australia (Chance on Main); etc...

  13. Main results of the thematic analysis (4) • If response to school safety is often a punitive one, other factors are progressively being considered, such as the overall climate of a school and the importance of the wider community participation Examples in ...Portugal (Programme Escholhas); ...Chile (School Mediation among small children, Colegio Mayor, Municipality of Puente Alto); ...Quebec (Trousse de sensibilisation à l’agression indirecte); etc...

  14. Main results of the thematic analysis (5) Disorders in public spaces and ”fear of crime” are of greater concern in many parts of the world. Approaches using a broad range of social and support actions, as well as urban planning and revitalization, relying on partnerships and inclusion have prooved the best results in pacifying actions and relations in public spaces Examples in ...Argentina (Junta Comunitaria de Seguridad Urbana, Municipality of Chabas) ... St-Lucia (Community Action Programme for Safety) ...Germany (Fairy Godmother Programme) ...France (Correspondants de nuit) ... South Africa (Pilot project on community dispute resolution and probelm-solving capacity), etc...

  15. Main results of the comparative analysis (1) • Crime prevention is now guided by international standards, is evolving and becoming more widespread In 1999, ICPC highlighted national crime prevention strategies developed by 9 of its member governments… …in 2006, 42 countries completed the UN questionnaire of the implementation of the UN Guidelines on Crime Prevention Throughout the world, an increasing number of countries are developing ambitious crime prevention strategies and action plan

  16. Main results of the comparative analysis (2) Crime prevention is increasingly lead by a trend toward knowledge-based and evaluation Evaluation of policies and practices has increasingly become a common requirement in many part of the world… Knowledge of intervention environments is reinforced through systematic approaches (numerous guides, methodologies and tools, eg. safety audits) Greater attention is given to “how” projects work on the field, and not only on “what works”

  17. Main results of the comparative analysis (3) The involvement of public authorities in crime prevention and community safety is still unequal, but the police are increasingly focusing on prevention Throughout the world, the police seem increasingly involved in crime prevention activites…. …even though their role in the field remain diffuse Judicial authorities have in some countries a clear role in prevention… …while in other they play a mediator function (eg. Peaceful dispute resolution and mediation in the Casas de Justicia)

  18. Main results of the comparative analysis (4) Prevention is effective when it takes place at the local level and uses a comprehensive strategy (eg. Interventions for Youth at Risk, Women’s Safety, School Safety). The key role of mayors and local authorities in crime prevention is acknowledged in quite every part of the world… … even though support to municipalities remain weak The need to have crime prevention activities tailored to context and seen as everyone’s business is increasingly recognized… …thus the importance of civil society in defining local safety needs and participating to community safety

  19. Conclusion • 1. There is a marked progress in international crime measurements and prevention standards and norms • 2. The criminalisation of behaviours contrasts however with these international principles • 3. The development of integrated prevention strategies based on concrete experience, especially at the local level, is increasingly recognised, but remains fragile • 4. There is a strong need for training, capacity building and providing support for practitionners

  20. Perspectives • Overall, this first analysis: • - has confirmed the need to strengthen knowledge on crime prevention with greater dissemination and exchange • - is a work in progress which will benefit communities throughout the world • The forthcoming International Report (2010): • - will cover other topics of interests • - will include an additional third section: Evaluation of Crime Prevention and Community Safety • - will be presented at the 12th UN Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, Brazil, April 12-19, 2010

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