Podpora rozvoje cizích jazyků pro Evropu 21. stol.

1. Podpora rozvoje cizích jazyků pro Evropu 21. stol. INVESTICE DO ROZVOJE VZDĚLÁVÁNÍ Tento projekt je spolufinancován Evropským sociálním fondem a státním rozpočtem České republiky.

2. Inventions – which do you find most or least important? • Writing and printing instruments • Refrigerator • Coca Cola • Eyeglasses • Braille printing • Elevator • Dynamite

3. Writing and Printing Instruments • The writing instrument that dominated for the longest period in history (over one-thousand years) was the quill pen. Introduced around 700 A.D. • The fountain pen's design came after the quill pen • Lewis Waterman patented the first practical fountain pen in 1884. • Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press with replaceable wooden or metal letters in 1436. • A Hungarian journalist named Laszlo Biro invented the first ballpoint pen in 1938.The British Government bought the licensing rights to this patent for the war effort.

4. Elevator • Primitive elevators were in use as early as the 3rd century BC, operated by human, animal, or water wheel power. • In 1853, American inventor Elisha Otis demonstrated a freight elevator equipped with a safety device to prevent falling in case a supporting cable should break. • Electric elevators came into to use toward the end of the 19th century. The first one was built by the German inventor Werner von Siemens in 1880.

5. Refrigerator • At first people cooled their food with ice and snow • The first known artificial refrigeration was demonstrated by William Cullen at the University of Glasgow in 1748 – but he didn't use it for practical purposes • The first practical refrigerating machine was built by Jacob Perkins in 1834

6. Coca Cola • In May, 1886, Coca Cola was invented by Doctor John Pemberton a pharmacist from Atlanta, Georgia. • Sales for that first year added up to a total of about $50. The funny thing was that it cost John Pemberton over $70 in expanses, so the first year of sales were a loss. • Until 1905, the soft drink, marketed as a tonic, contained extracts of cocaine • Asa Candler bought the formula for Coca Cola for $2,300. By the late 1890s, Coca Cola was one of America's most popular drinks

7. Dynamite • Swedish engineer and inventor, Alfred Nobel built bridges and buildings in Stockholm. • His construction work inspired him to research new methods of blasting rock. • In 1860, the inventor first started experimenting with nitroglycerine. • In 1867, Nobel received U.S. patent number 78,317 for his dynamite.

8. Braille Printing • Louis Braille was born in 1809 near Paris. • At three years of age an accident deprived him of his sight. • He realized the vast world of thought and ideas that was locked out to him because of his disability. • Louis Braille invented braille printing. • It has been adapted to almost every known language, from Albanian to Zulu.

9. Eyeglasses • Around 1000AD, the first vision aid was invented (inventor unknown) called a reading stone – magnifying glass • Around 1284 in Italy, Salvino D'Armate is credited with inventing the first wearable eye glasses. • The first known artistic representation of eyeglasses was painted by Tommaso da Modena in 1352. • Otto Wichterle – invention of modern contact lenses

10. INVESTICE DO ROZVOJE VZDĚLÁVÁNÍ Tato výuková prezentace byla pořízena z finančních prostředků hrazených Evropským sociálním fondem a rozpočtem České republiky. Tento projekt je spolufinancován Evropským sociálním fondem a státním rozpočtem České republiky.