ASEAN regional workshop on bilateral Free Trade Agreements

1. ASEAN regional workshop on bilateral Free Trade Agreements Lessons from Latin american experience Francisco Rossi. IP and access to drugs capacity building project. UNDP - International poverty centre. Brasilia. Brazil. Francisco.rossi@undp-povertycentre.org

2. ASEAN Regional workshop on bilateral Free Trade Agreements • The stronger the intellectual property rights, the better. • Negotiations with USA = Pharma. • Lessons from Latin America • On impact of IP • Next steps

4. Trips plus measures are totally legal. • Countries on FTA’s believe on IP • Countries on FTA’s decided sovereignty • FTA’s do not undermine Doha Declaration • Trips plus is unadequate term; TRIPS PRECISSIONS.

5.   By the numbers$158 million*Spending in 2004 to lobby the federal government.$17 millionCampaign contributions in 2004 to federal candidates (67% to Republicans).$7.3 millionSupport for the 2004 political party conventions (64% to Republicans).* estimate; Sources: Center for Responsive Politics, Campaign Finance Institute, Center for Public Integrity Drug makers go furthest to sway CongressBy Jim Drinkard, USA TODAY (26/04/05)

6. DIARIO LA REPUBLICA, JUEVES 16 DE SETIEMBRE DEL 2004.

7. Intellectual Property Rights, Free Trade Agreements and Public Health

9. TRIPS PLUS MEASURES IN RECENT FREE TRADE AGREMENTS

10. TRIPS 20 Other Requirements The use of a trademark in the course of trade shall not be unjustifiably encumbered by special requirements, such as use with another trademark, use in a special form or use in a manner detrimental to its capability to distinguish the goods or services of one undertaking from those of other undertakings. This will not preclude a requirement prescribing the use of the trademark identifying the undertaking producing the goods or services along with, but without linking it to, the trademark distinguishing the specific goods or services in question of that undertaking. CAFTA ARTICLE 15.2 TRADEMARKS In view of the obligations of Article 20 of the TRIPS Agreement, each Party shall ensure that provisions mandating the use of the term customary in common language as the common name for a good (“common name”) including, inter alia, requirements concerning the relative size, placement or style of use of the trademark in relation to the common name, do not impair the use or effectiveness of trademarks used in relation to such goods. Restrictions on INN (generic names) use

11. Intellectual Property Rights, Free Trade Agreements and Public Health Latin American Free Trade Agreements negotiations. Lessons learned.

12. Intellectual Property Rights, Free Trade Agreements and Public Health ON PROCESS • USTR: Agreements administrator. • Confidentiality • U.N. support. Carlos Correa Veto. • C.S.O. • CONGRESS • Health sector commitment : relations with trade negotiators

14. The agreement is not the end Chilean experience with second uses.

15. Intellectual Property Rights, Free Trade Agreements and Public Health AFTA PROPOSALS Everything. • Patents for plants, animals, diagnostic, chirurgical and therapeutic methods. • Patents for uses • C.L. restrictions. • National exhaustion of rights AFTA PROPOSALS Everything. • Patent term restorations. • Linkage • Data protection • Restriction on generic names

16. Intellectual Property Rights, Free Trade Agreements and Public Health AFTA PROPOSALS • USA PROPOSAL. • ANDEAN PROPOSAL. TRIPS-DOHA • 11 ROUNDS. • ANDEAN SECOND PROPOSAL • DATA PROTECTION • TRANSPARENCY • PATENT TERM RESTORATION • Colombian IP Negotiator impasse • Final political decision?

20. Fuente: Ramirez M. et al. El gasto en salud de los hogares Colombianos. Universidad del Rosario. 2002.

21. Spent on medicines as a % of income . Households survey. Colombia 1997 Fuente: Ramirez M. et al. El gasto en salud de los hogares Colombianos. Universidad del Rosario. 2002.

22. In developed countries the state pays, in developing the individual!

24. IPRC The contemporary evidence suggests that, because developing countries are large net importers of technology from the developed world, the globalisation of IP protection will result in very substantial additional net transfers from developing to developed countries . www.iprcommission.org

26. Hood Robin

27. The stronger the intellectual property rights, the better. • Benefits of innovation: ARV coverage • Innovation orientation: Neglected diseases • Innovation or stagnation? FDA Report. • Pharmaceutical industry: Research or marketing? • IP and development. • Technology transfer and FDI

28. IP and access to drugs capacity building project • No trips Plus (FTAs.) • National legislation on IP sensitive to public health. (Doha) • Full implementation of flexibilities • Full use of P 6 Resolution • South – South cooperation on generics • New international IP RULES?

31. Spent (US $ million) and people on ARV therapy. Source :MOH – STD/HIV-AIDS National Program. Brazil.

32. 573 215 37% 106 21% 131 23% 19% 121 2003 3 imported (patented) ARVs mean 63% of total budget. 2003 12 other ARVs 37% Spent LPV.r+ EFZ+ NFV 63% LPV.r NFV EFZ 12 other ARVs Source :MOH – STD/HIV-AIDS National Program. Brazil.

33. 4860 4540 4240 3810 3320 2223 2035 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Average cost of ARV patient/year 1996 - 2003 1630 2003 MS/ 2003 Source :MOH – STD/HIV-AIDS National Program. Brazil.