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LIGHT AND COLOR SYLLABUS

LIGHT AND COLOR SYLLABUS. CYNTHIA MARTONE JAMES C. LOPRESTO. INTRODUCTION. Quiz every Thursday Labs (class exercises) Power Point Presentations (30 minutes) Final Exam (as Scheduled). POWER POINT TOPICS. Telescopes Cameras Lasers Holograms Stimulated Emission The Interferometer

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LIGHT AND COLOR SYLLABUS

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  1. LIGHT AND COLORSYLLABUS CYNTHIA MARTONE JAMES C. LOPRESTO

  2. INTRODUCTION • Quiz every Thursday • Labs (class exercises) • Power Point Presentations (30 minutes) • Final Exam (as Scheduled)

  3. POWER POINT TOPICS • Telescopes • Cameras • Lasers • Holograms • Stimulated Emission • The Interferometer • Color Science • Microscopes • Black Body Radiation • The Green Flash • Rainbows, Halos and Sundogs • Total Internal Reflection • The Solar Spectrum • The Pinhole Camera • The Human Eye • Corrective Procedures for Improving Eyesight (Glasses, contacts, sunglasses, surgical corrections)

  4. Introduction to Subject Matter • LIGHT (Packet of Energy, photon) • FOUR FORCES IN NATURE (Strong Nuclear – gluon, Electromagnetic – photon, Weak Nuclear – Intermediate Vector Bosons, Gravity – Graviton (gravity waves) • LIGHT (wave and “massless particle”

  5. Inverse Square Law of Light • Light Sources look dimmer the farther away they are • Intensity = 1/ (distance)2 • Standard Candles

  6. COLOR? • Physical • Physiological • Psychological • THE VIVID SOLAR SPECTRUM!!!!

  7. LIST OF COLOR BANDS Electromagnetic Radiation • GAMMA RAYS • X-RAYS • ULTRAVIOLET • VISIBLE • INFRARED • MICROWAVE • RADIO

  8. VISIBLE BAND COLORS • VIOLET • (INDIGO) • BLUE • GREEN • YELLOW • ORANGE • RED color blindness?

  9. NATURAL WORLD EMITS ALL WAVELENGTHS • Effects of Light on Humans (radiation) Gamma Rays (deadly) X-Rays (deadly) UV (suntan, sunburn) IR ( skin can detect IR) Microwaves and Radio Waves Long Term exposure, Cell phones and Power Lines?

  10. COMBINATION OF COLORS • (NOT COLORS IN SCIENTIFIC SENSE) pink!!!! brown black white many others!!!!!!

  11. COLOR SCIENCE • ADDING COLORS • SUBTRACTING COLORS • COLOR WHEELS • COLOR ORGANIZATION AND SCHEMES

  12. Wavelength and Frequency • Wavelength • Frequency • Speed of Light c = λν = wavelength x frequency sometimes frequency denoted by f

  13. WAVES • Transverse Waves • Water Waves • Wave Properties, wavelength, frequency • Longitudinal Waves • Sound Waves

  14. Maxwell Equations of Electromagnetic Theory • Maxwell’s Equations • Spatial variation of the electric field is equal to the temperal variation of the magnetic field. • Spactial variation of the magnetic field is equal to the temperal variation of the electric field • The divergence of the magnetic field is zero (no magnetic poles) • The divergence of the electric field is 4πρ (there are electric charges)

  15. Maxwell’s Equations • Maxwell's Equations • I. Gauss' law for electricity II. Gauss' law for magnetism III. Faraday's law of induction IV. Ampere's law

  16. SIMPLE OPTICS • Refraction • http://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/light/rayOptics/refraction/refraction1.html • http://www.ps.missouri.edu/rickspage/refract/refraction.html • Snell’s Law Lenses Aperture Optical Axis Focal Length http://freespace.virgin.net/gareth.james/virtual/Optics/Lens/lens.html Inverted Image Aberrations Spherical Aberration Chromatic Aberration Coma

  17. REFRACTING TELESCOPES • Eyepieces • Famous Examples • Speed of Telescope Optics • F-ratio

  18. REFLECTION • Mirrors • Aberrations • Reflecting Telescopes • Famous Examples • Various Designs and Foci • Adaptive Optics

  19. SPECTROSCOPY • PRISM • DISPERSION • GRATINGS • SPECTROSCOPES • SPECTROGRAPHS Littrow Spectrograph Cyrney-Turner Spectrograph FOURIER SPECTROSCOPY

  20. THE HUMAN EYE • The Cornea • The Pupil • The Lens • The Retina • Near Sighted • Far Sighted • Astigmatism

  21. THE CAMERA • Photographic Emulsion • Digital Imagery and Cameras • Camera Designs • Porro Prisms • FOCAL LENGTHS • F-RATIOS and F-STOPS

  22. Other Optical Instruments • Magnifying Glass • Microscopes • Binoculars • Periscopes • Telephoto Lens • Fiber Optics • Thin Films • Polarizers

  23. ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION • Max Planck and the Photon • Wein’s Displacement Law • Black Body Radiation (perfect radiators) • Radiation Curve for the Sun

  24. THE SOLAR SPECTRUM • CONTINUUM • ABSORPTION LINES • EMISSION LINES • LINE PROFILES • FLASH SPECTRUM • WEBSITES for SOLAR SPECTRA

  25. INTEFERENCE AND DIFFRACTION • INTERFERENCE • DIFFRACTION

  26. QUANTUM OPTICS • ATOMS AND LIGHT • ENERGY LEVELS • BOHR MODEL OF ATOM • NARROW WAVELENGTH BANDS PRODUCED BY ATOMS • STIMULATED EMISSION

  27. COLORS IN NATURE • aurora • colors in nature (other than the atmosphere) • eclipses • planetary nebulae filtered images • reflection and flourencent nebulae

  28. LASERS Ruby Lasers Helium-Neon Lasers

  29. HOLOGRAMS • Three dimensional images

  30. FOURIER OPTICS • INTEROMETERS • FOURIER OPTICS

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