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Overview of IAEA’s Project on Technology Advances for Water Cooled Reactors

Overview of IAEA’s Project on Technology Advances for Water Cooled Reactors John CLEVELAND, Head Water Cooled Reactors Unit Nuclear Power Technology Development Section Division of Nuclear Power IAEA IAEA Organization DIRECTOR GENERAL Director General Department of Management

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Overview of IAEA’s Project on Technology Advances for Water Cooled Reactors

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  1. Overview of IAEA’s Project on Technology Advances for Water Cooled Reactors John CLEVELAND, Head Water Cooled Reactors Unit Nuclear Power Technology Development Section Division of Nuclear Power IAEA

  2. IAEA Organization DIRECTOR GENERAL Director General Department of Management DEPARTMENT OF NUCLEAR ENERGY Department of Nuclear Energy Department of Nuclear Safety and Security Planning and Economic Studies Section INIS Section Department of Technical Cooperation IAEA Library Department of Nuclear Science and Application Department of Safeguards Division of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology Division of Nuclear Power DIVISION OF NUCLEAR POWER Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials Section Waste Technology Section Nuclear Power Technology Development Section Nuclear Power Engineering Section Nuclear Power Engineering Section

  3. BACKGROUND (1/3) • OBJECTIVE • collaboration on advances in technology for improving economics and safety of LWRs and HWRs • IMPLEMENTATION • With advice and support of TWG-LWR & TWG–HWR • TWG-LWR: 16 Member States with LWR technology programmes; OECD-NEA and EC • TWG-HWR: 8 Member States with HWR technology programmes

  4. BACKGROUND (2/3) The Terms of Reference have broad scope • TWG-LWR: • Technology improvements for current LWRs; • Designs and technologies for advanced LWRs • Economics, performance, safety • TWG-HWR: • Design and technologies for current and advanced HWRs; • Advanced fuel options • Economics, performance, safety

  5. BACKGROUND (3/3) • The TWGs’ Scopes complement thematic topics addressed by • Nuclear Power Engineering Section: • TWG-LMNPP • TWG-I&C • TWG-T&Q • Planning and Economic Studies Section • Division of Fuel Cycle and Waste Tech. • TWG-FPT • TWG-NFCO • Division of Nuclear Installation Safety • Department of Safeguards So some activities are conducted in coordination with the above • As appropriate, activities are coordinated with the OECD-NEA and EC

  6. The IAEA wants TWG Members to…[“advise … and then marshal support for agreed activities”] JCC Below list already sent to TWG participants by e-mail • Exchange information on national and international programmes • Advise the Department of Nuclear Energy, identify areas for collaboration, identify national experts and marshal support for agreed activities • Review collaborative activities • Be a link between the Agency and the national technical community • Develop / review selected documents proposed for publication in the Nuclear Energy Series, assess gaps, and provide advice • Identify important topics for discussion at the Standing Advisory Group on Nuclear Energy (SAGNE) meetings; specifically report strategic recommendations to SAGNE • Encourage participation of young professionals, as appropriate, in Agency activities

  7. For improving economics, the TWGs’ activities address both proven means, and new approaches[see bibliography of IAEA publications at end of presentation] PROVEN MEANS1 • capturing economies-of-scale • standardization & construction in series • multiple unit construction • simplifying design / use of modelling • efficient project management • working closely with regulators • improving construction methods to shorten schedule • application of computer technologies / modularization & factory fabrication • efficient inspection / reduced outages NEW APPROACHES • Improving technology base: T-H relationships, accurate T-P data; validation of T-H codes • Expanding applications / developing systems with higher efficiency • Passive safety systems • Advancement of PSA methods & data bases to support plant simplification and establishment of risk-informed regulatory decision making for new plants • [Activities in IAEA’s Division of Nuclear Installation Safety] • Development of highly reliable components and systems, including “smart” (instrumented and monitored) components and methods • in developing countries, furthering self-reliance by increasing portion of construction and component fabrication performed domestically; • International consensus on safety requirements • [IAEA’s Safety Standards Series] 1well addressed by OECD-NEA “Reduction of Capital Costs of NPPs” (2000)

  8. RECENT ACCOMPLISHMENTS, & CURRENT ACTIVITIES

  9. Joint: TWG-LWR & -HWR & -FPT DB: www.iaea.org/THERPROManaged by Hanyang Univ. (RoK) IAEA Staff: S.-G. Moon & A. Pryakhin » 13000 files: data tables experimental techniques bibliographic information accessible with password TECDOC-949 & TECDOC-1496 - new data contributed to the CRP; data reviews & assessments More contributed data is welcome (data from IPPE is being added) contact: S.G.Moon@iaea.org Canada (AECL) China (NPIC) Czech Republic (Univ. of West Bohemia) France (CEA) India (BARC) Rep. of Korea (Hanyang Univ. & Seoul National Univ.) Russian Federation (IPPE & Russian Academy of Sciences) USA (ANL) CRP - Establishment of a Thermo-physical Properties Data Base for LWR & HWR Materials

  10. Argentina (CNEA) Canada (AECL) China (RINPO & CNNC) India (BARC) Rep. of Korea (KEPRI & KAERI) Romania (NIRDTP & NNDT) Special Acknowledgement: Support for preparing TECDOC-1499: Mr. Joulin (AECL) & Mr. Belinco (CNEA) Support to this presentation: Mr. Nanekar (BARC) IAEA Staff: J. Cleveland & J.-H. Choi P-T integrity – central to safety Example flaws of concern Manufacturing Flaws (can grow by DHC) Fretting during service - damage from debris or Bearing Pad (can grow by DHC) PT-CT contact (“blister” generation) Periodic ISI CRP – HWR Pressure Tube Inspection and Diagnostics (presenting a few details to show usefulness of CRPs)

  11. CRP Phases and Objectives Conducted on recommendation, and with support, of TWG-HWR Identify effective NDE Techniques to detect & characterize flaws (Completed: TECDOC-1499) Phase 1 Identify effective NDE techniques to determine Hydrogen concentration in Zirconium alloy components (Tests Completed –documentation pending) Phase 2 Blister characterization by NDE Techniques (Continuing) Phase 2

  12. Phase 1: Round-robin tests of Seven PT specimenwith hidden, well characterized flaws(Photo of Korean sample with flaws on ID of PT )

  13. Photos of India’s Sample (with flaws on ID and OD)

  14. Ultrasonic Testing inspection head; and scan images India’s results: detection of (a) bearing pad fret & (b) DHC

  15. Overview – Phase 1 Results ( some examples) • 170 “flaws” in 7 P-T samples underwent Round-Robin analysis • All serious flaws were detected • The most effective techniques were identified • UT for detecting and sizing ID and OD flaws • ET for sizing ID flaws and detecting OD flaws • Further development needed to determine flaw “tip-radius” – important for predicting if flaw is sharp enough to initiate DHC • … other detailed technical results are in TECDOC-1499

  16. Conducted as activity in TWG-LMNPP Project Ageing management Planning LTO (refurbishment & life extension) Component specific technologies Argentina (CNEA) Canada (AECL & CNSC) India (NPCIL) Rep. of Korea (KEPRI) Romania (NIRDTP & NNDT) IAEA Staff: K.-S. Kang & [J. Cleveland] NPP Life Management Processes: Guidelines and Practices for HWRs

  17. SIMULATORS PWR with active safety systems PWR with passive safety systems BWR WWER-1000 HWR Advanced CANDU Workshops to train educators ICTP, Trieste (1997,’99, 2001,’02,’04,’05) Bucharest (7.2006) [national TC project] ICTP, Trieste (10.2007) Demonstrations 2000 (IYNC); 2004 (ANL) IAEA also distributes Simulators upon request from Missions (5-6 / mo) Purpose – University level education IAEA Staff: A. Pryakhin, S.-G. Moon, A. Badulescu & J. Cleveland Workshops on NPP Simulators for Education

  18. IAEA NPP Simulatorssample screens (of ~13 each Simulator) PWR with Passive Safety Systems

  19. IAEA NPP Simulatorssample screens (of ~13 each Simulator) HWR – Heat Transport System

  20. NC is key to several evolutionary and many innovative designs Course builds on results of NC CRP Courses: ICTP (6.2004 & 6.2007) INL (8.2007) (“in co-operation with IAEA”) ICTP (6.2008) Lecturers: J. Reyes (OSU, USA) F. D’Auria (Univ. of Pisa, Italy) N. Aksan (PSI, Switzerland) D. Saha & P. Vijayan (BARC, India) M. Marques (CEA, France) J. Ferreri (Autoridad Reg. Nucl., Argentina) Y. Hassan (Texas A&M Univ., USA) IAEA Staff: J. Cleveland & J.-H. Choi Course Director: Prof. José Reyes (Dept. Head, Oregon State Univ.) IAEA Course on Natural Circulation in Water-Cooled NPPs

  21. Joint: TWG-LWR & -HWR (+ PESS) Draft PUBLICATION ready for review / endorsement by TWGs – HANDOUT 1 (comments by mid-July, please) Participants: AECL (Canada); NRI Řež (Czech Rep.); BARC (India); Nuclear Systems Association (Japan); SSN-SA (Romania); OKBM (Russian Federation); OKG EON (Sweden); Atel Gruppe (Switzerland);ANL & Univ. of Florida (USA) & OECD-NEA IAEA Staff: J. Cleveland & A. McDonald Benefited from: OECD-NEA’s study on Non-Electric Applications IAEA TRS-410 “Market Potential for Non-Electric Applications of Nuclear Energy” SCOPE Desalination District heating Industrial steam [low cost] Electricity for Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles Production of H2 [see handout 2] Addresses Opportunities Market Context Challenges Solutions Collaborative Assessment “Advanced Applications for Water-Cooled NPPs”

  22. Coordinated Research Projects underway • Natural Circulation Phenomena, Modelling and Reliability of Passive Systems That Utilize Natural Circulation [2004-2008] • IAEA Staff: J. Cleveland & J.-H. Choi [more discussion Thursday] • Heat Transfer and Thermo-Hydraulic Codes Testing for SCWRs [2007~2010] • IAEA Staff: J. Cleveland [more discussion Thursday]

  23. Role of HWRs in the Sustainable Utilization of Fissile Resources • Joint TWG-HWR, TWG-FPT & TWG-NFCO (2006-2008) • Objective: identify design, engineering and technological advances for improving fissile material utilization and minimizing waste • Investigate fuel cycle synergisms with various reactor types • Identify challenges, solutions and R&D needs • Output: IAEA Nuclear Energy Series Report Participating organizations: AECL (Canada); BARC & NPCIL (India); CNEA (Argentina); KAERI (Rep. of Korea); Shanghai Jaiotong Univ (China); SNN-SA (Romania) [more discussion Friday in TWG-HWR meeting] IAEA Staff: T. Ganguly & R. Sollychin

  24. Heavy Water Reactor Design: User Criteria [working title] • Earlier title was: “HWR-User Requirements Document” • title to be revised to be consistent with IAEA’s new Nuclear Energy Series of documents [refinements since last TWG meetings] • Contents to be harmonized with IAEA Safety Standards Series [more discussion Friday in TWG-HWR meeting] IAEA Staff: R. Sollychin • Draft has extensive experience feedback (52 experts): • AECL, COG, New Brunswick Power, Ontario Power Generation, Hydro Quebec, & consultants (Canada) • SNERDI & CAEA (China) • SNNSA & CITON (Romania) • CNEA (Argentina) • NRI (Viet Nam) • PAEC & KANUPP Inst of Nuclear Power Eng. (Pakistan) • NPCIL & BARC (India) • KHNP (Rep. of Korea)

  25. Other International Meetings can be conducted “in cooperation with IAEA” “in cooperation with IAEA” means [upon invitation from organizer, and IAEA agreement]: • IAEA is represented on Technical Programme Committee • IAEA sometimes provides funds for participation of experts from developing countries • ICONE-15 (Nagoya, Japan; 4.2007) • IAEA funds • Course on Natural Circulation (INL; 8.2007) • No IAEA funds

  26. NEW ACTIVITIES IN 2007 & ACTIVITIES PLANNED FOR 2008-9 [the list of activities has been distributed to TWGs by e-mail]

  27. During this meeting, please give us your recommendations… • On the following list of activities planned in 2007 & in 2008-9[these are based mainly on recommendations of TWG meetings in 12.2005] Thursday and Friday’s Agenda items • Thursday for activities interesting to both TWG-LWR & TWG-HWR • Friday for activities interesting to one TWG only • For new activitiesfor IAEA’s 2010-2011 Programme Thursday and Friday’s Agenda items

  28. New Activities (2007) • International Collaborative Standard Problem on “Comparison of HWR Simulation Results with SB-LOCA data” from AECL’s RD-14M facility IAEA Staff: J.-H. Choi [more discussion Friday in TWG-HWR meeting] • TC Workshop “Steps for Conducting Technology Assessments of Water Cooled NPPs” IAEA Staff: R. Sollychin, J.-H. Choi, X. Li, et.al. Technology Assessment : • Is an exercise to determine which NPP technologies / plant concepts are suitable for the country; • provides the technical basis for several elements of infrastructure development, including assessment of national capabilities, defining the degree of national technical and industrial participation in the NPP programme; identification of appropriate sites for the NPP; and establishment of a fuel cycle policy Conducting a Technology Assessment thus can provide the technical basis for preparation of bid documents in a subsequent stage [more discussion Thursday]

  29. Activities in 2008-9 • International Conference on “Opportunities and Challenges for Water-Cooled Reactors in the 21st Century” (late 2008, or 2009) • IAEA Staff: K.-S. Kang, O. Glöckner, G. Jones (NSNI), J.-H. Choi & J. Cleveland [more discussion Thursday] • Finish activity on “Role of HWRs in the Sustainable Utilization of Fissile Resources“ [for completion 2008] • IAEA Staff: T. Ganguly & R. Sollychin [more discussion Friday] • Finish ICSP on HWR SB-LOCA code predictions vs. experiment [completion 2009] • IAEA Staff: J.-H. Choi [more discussion Friday] • Maintain and update the THERPRO Data Base on Thermo-physical Properties • IAEA Staff: S.-G. Moon • Prepare an NE Series Document on HWRs: Status and Projected Development [unfunded] • IAEA Staff: J.-H. Choi

  30. Activities in 2008-9 • Prepare NE Series Document on Status of Advanced LWR Designs [completion 2009] [more discussion Friday in TWG-LWR meeting] • IAEA Staff: J. Cleveland • Prepare an NE Series Document on Best Practices for HWR Operational Excellence (with NPES) [for completion 2009] [partly unfunded] [ more discussion Friday] • IAEA Staff: J.-H. Choi, S.-G. Moon & K.-S. Kang • Begin preparation of NE Series Document on technology assessment for new plants for countries introducing a first plant[completion 2010] [more discussion Thursday] • IAEA Staff: R. Sollychin • Begin preparation of NE Series Document on technology assessment for new plants for countries introducing additional plants [unfunded] [completion 2010] • IAEA Staff: R. Sollychin

  31. Activities in 2008-9 • Cooperate in non-Agency international conferences on nuclear power technology [upon invitation from conference organizers] • IAEA Staff: to be determined case-by-case • Participate in international conferences on advanced water cooled reactor technology • IAEA Staff: to be determined case-by-case • Prepare an NE Series Document on Improved Pellets and advanced Fuel Designs for LWRs and HWRs [collaboratively with NEFW’s TWG-FPT] • IAEA Staff: V. Inozemtsev & TBD [more discussion Thursday] • Complete CRP on Natural Circulation… • IAEA Staff: J.-H. Choi & J. Cleveland [more discussion Thursday] • Begin CRP on Benchmarking Severe Accident Modelling for HWRs [in collaboration with Safety Assessment Section, NSNI] • IAEA Staff: J.-H. Choi & S.-H. Lee[more discussion Friday]

  32. Activities in 2008-9 • Continue CRP on SCWRs [completion in 2010] • IAEA Staff: J. Cleveland [more discussion Thursday] • Begin CRP on Development of advanced methodology for substantiation of passive system performance in innovative NPPs (in cooperation with NSNI, and SMR Project [lead]) • IAEA Staff: V. Kuznetsov & TBD • Workshop on NPP Simulators for Education [extra-budgetary] • IAEA Staff: A. Pryakhin & S.-G. Moon [more discussion Thursday] • Course on Natural Circulation in Water-Cooled NPPs • IAEA Staff: J. Cleveland & J.-H. Choi [more discussion Thursday] • TWG-HWR and TWG-LWR Meetings (late 2008 or early 2009) • IAEA Staff: J.-H. Choi & TBD [more discussion Thursday]

  33. Bibliography of IAEA Activities on: Proven Means & New Approaches for Improving Economics

  34. IAEA activities on proven means for improving economics • capturing economies-of-scale • (TECDOC-1391 & TRS-407 )Reports approaches ofdesign organizations - e.g. AP-600 to AP-1000; ABWR to ABWR-II; KSNP/OPR to APR-1400; 220 MWe HWR to 540 and 700 MWe HWR; N4 and KONVOI to EPR; WWER-1000 to WWER-1500;… • standardization & construction in series • (TECDOC-1117) French experience: 58 PWRs at 19 sites • (TECDOC-1290) TEPCO’s expectations for cost reduction with ABWR & ABWR-II series • multiple unit construction • (TECDOC-1290) KHNP & AECL experience at Wolsong • simplifying design / use of modelling • (TECDOCs 1391 and 1290) Approaches by design organizations

  35. IAEA activities on proven means for improving economics • efficient project management • (TECDOC-1117) lessons learned by Ontario Hydro • (TECDOC-1390) recent positive experiences • working closely with regulators • (TECDOC-1390) recent positive experiences • improving construction methods to shorten schedule • (TECDOC-1390 )Techniques used at K-6 &7; Qinshan III 1&2; Lingau 1&2; Yonggwang 5&6; Tarapur 3&4 • application of computer technologies / modularization & factory fabrication • (TECDOC 1290) Approaches of AECL and W • (TECDOC-1390 )Techniques used at K-6 &7; Qinshan III 1&2; Lingau 1&2; Yonggwang 5&6; Tarapur 3&4 • (TECDOC-1485) Approaches taken for innovative SMRs • TECDOCs-1503, TRS 448 & others from NPES) HWR and LWR PLiM • efficient inspection / reduced outages • CRP – round-robin tests on HWR Pressure Tube Inspection Techniques ( TECDOC-1499) • TRS-392 “Design Measures to Facilitate Safeguards”

  36. IAEA activities on new approachesfor improving economics • Improving technology base: T-H relationships, accurate T-P data; validation of T-H codes • TECDOC-1149 – validation of T-H codes vs. data • TECDOC-1203 – relationships for CHF, ΔP and post CHF h-t • TECDOC-1395 – validation of HWR codes vs. LB-LOCA data • Validation of HWR codes vs. SB-LOCA data • THERPRO T-P database (TECDOCs 949 & 1496) • CRP on Natural Circulation Phenomena and Passive System Reliability (& TECDOC-1474) • Course on Natural Circulation • CRP on heat-transfer in SCWRs • Expanding applications / developing systems with higher efficiency • TECDOC on Advanced Applications of Water Cooled Reactors • CRP on SCWRs

  37. IAEA activities on new approaches for improving economics • Passive safety systems • TECDOC-1391 “Status of ALWR designs” • TECDOC-1485 “Status of Innovative SMRs w/ conventional refuelling” • CRP on Natural Circulation Phenomena and Passive System Reliability • TECDOC-1474 - Natural Circulation in Water Cooled NPPs • New CRP on Development of Advanced Methodologies for Substantiation of Passive System Performance • Advancement of PSA methods & data bases to support plant simplification and establishment of risk-informed regulatory decision making for new plants • [Activities in IAEA’s Division of Nuclear Installation Safety] • Development of highly reliable components and systems, including “smart” (instrumented and monitored) components and methods • Potential for reducing dependence on costly diversity and redundancy reqt’s is addressed briefly in TECDOC 1290; • in developing countries, furthering self-reliance by increasing portion of construction and component fabrication performed domestically; • (TECDOC-1390 )Experience at Qinshan III 1&2; Lingau 1&2; Yonggwang 5&6; • International consensus on safety requirements • [IAEA’s Safety Standards Series]

  38. Summary IAEA provides a forum for international collaboration on technology advances for LWRs and HWRs for improving economics and safety through • Information exchange meetings (“Technical Meetings”) • Coordinated Research Projects • Collaborative Assessments • Workshops and Courses

  39. IAEA …atoms for peace

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