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MINERALS: Building Blocks of the Planet Chapter 2 Silicate Structures

EARTH STUDIES Geosciences 1000. MINERALS: Building Blocks of the Planet Chapter 2 Silicate Structures. ACCORDING TO MOHS HARDNESS SCALE, ORTHOCLASE HAS A HARDNESS OF:. 8 5 6 3. 82.4%. Very Common 95% of All Minerals Silicon (Si) and Oxygen (O) bond Easily. SILICATES

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MINERALS: Building Blocks of the Planet Chapter 2 Silicate Structures

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  1. EARTH STUDIES Geosciences 1000 MINERALS: Building Blocks of the Planet Chapter 2 Silicate Structures

  2. ACCORDING TO MOHS HARDNESS SCALE, ORTHOCLASE HAS A HARDNESS OF: • 8 • 5 • 6 • 3

  3. 82.4%

  4. Very Common • 95% of All Minerals • Silicon (Si) and Oxygen (O) bond Easily SILICATES Minerals Containing Silicon and Oxygen O Si SINGLE SILICA TETRAHEDRON SiO4

  5. Sizes and Charges of the Sixteen Most Common Elements Ions of Similar Charge & Size Can Easily Substitute for Each Other

  6. TRUEorFALSE OXYGEN (O) CAN EASILY SUBSTITUTE FOR SODIUM (Na)

  7. ROCK FORMING SILICATES FERROMAGNESIANS (Dark Silicates) Olivine Augite (Pyroxene) Hornblende (Amphibole) Biotite (Mica) NON-FERROMAGNESIANS (Light Silicates) Plagioclase (Feldspar)* Orthoclase (Feldspar)* Muscovite (Mica) Quartz (Only SiO2) * Feldspars are the most common Silicate in the Earth’s Crust - approximately 60% Common Mineral Characteristics • Dark Colored • Contain Significant • Iron (Fe) and • Magnesium (Mg) • - High Specific Gravity • Light Colored • Contain Minor to No • Iron (Fe) and • Magnesium (Mg) • - Low Specific Gravity

  8. Bowen’s Reaction Series OLIVINE

  9. OLIVINE IS A DARK COLORED AND RELATIVELY DENSE MINERAL. THIS IS BECAUSE IT IS A: • NON-FERROMAGNESIAN MINERAL • FERROMAGNESIAN MINERAL • A NON-SILICATE MINERAL • NONE OF THE ABOVE

  10. Bowen’s Reaction Series AUGITE – SINGLE CHAIN

  11. Bowen’s Reaction Series HORNBLENDE – DOUBLE CHAIN

  12. SILICATE STRUCTURE CONTROLS CLEAVAGE

  13. Bowen’s Reaction Series BIOTITE – SHEETS

  14. Bowen’s Reaction Series Ca RICH PLAGIOCLASE Na RICH FELDSPAR

  15. Sizes and Charges of the Sixteen Most Common Elements Ions of Similar Charge & Size Can Easily Substitute for Each Other

  16. Bowen’s Reaction Series ORTHOCLASE

  17. TRUE or FALSE THE POTASIUM RICH FELDESPAR ORTHOCLASE IS NOT PART OF THE CALCIUM/SODIUM FELDSPAR SOLID SOLUTION SERIES

  18. Bowen’s Reaction Series MUSCOVITE – SHEETS

  19. Bowen’s Reaction Series QUARTZ

  20. STUDY GUIDES BOWEN’S REACTION SERIES SILICATE STRUCTURES

  21. ACCORDING TO BOWAN'S REACTION SERIES: • QUARTZ IS THE LAST MINERAL TO CRYSTALIZE FROM A MELT • QUARTZ HAS THE LOWEST MELTING TEMPERATURE • QUARTZ CONTAINS NO IRON OR MAGNESIUM • ALL OF THE ABOVE

  22. EARTH STUDIES Geosciences 1000 MINERALS: Building Blocks of the Planet Chapter 2 Silicate Structures

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