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Texture Profile Analysis A closer look at this popular way of characterising the structure of foods

Texture Profile Analysis A closer look at this popular way of characterising the structure of foods. TPA - The History. General Foods texturometer developed Force/time plot became known as a texture profile

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Texture Profile Analysis A closer look at this popular way of characterising the structure of foods

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  1. Texture Profile AnalysisA closer look at this popularway of characterising thestructure of foods

  2. TPA - The History • General Foods texturometer developed • Force/time plot became known as a texture profile • Szczesniak defined specific terms which correlated well with sensory panel scores - texture profile analysis • 7 parameters were listed; 5 measured and 2 calculated

  3. TPA - The History • Malcolm Bourne adapted the Instron to perform TPA and parameters were slightly modified

  4. TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS) • Known as the “two bite test” • Provides textural parameters which correlate well withsensory evaluation parameters

  5. TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS) FIRST BITE • Known as the “two bite test” • Provides textural parameters which correlate well withsensory evaluation parameters FORCE TIME

  6. TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS) SECOND BITE • Known as the “two bite test” • Provides textural parameters which correlate well withsensory evaluation parameters FORCE TIME

  7. TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS) Movement of the Probe Force o Time

  8. TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS) Movement of the PROBE Force o DOWN Time ‘COMPRESSION’

  9. TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS) Movement of the PROBE UP Force o Time ‘Decompression’

  10. TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS) Movement of the PROBE Force o Time DOWN

  11. TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS) Movement of the PROBE UP Force o Time

  12. TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS) Analysis of the data Fracturability Force o Time

  13. Definition The force at which there is the first significant break in the curve (originally called the brittleness) NB - Not always present TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS) Analysis of the data Fracturability Force o Time

  14. TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS) Analysis of the data Hardness 1 Hardness 2 Force o Time

  15. Definition The maximum force during the first cycle of compression. Is also known as the “firmness”. TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS) Analysis of the data Hardness Hardness 2 Force o Time

  16. TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS) Analysis of the data Area 1 Area 2 Force B A o Time

  17. Definition The ratio of the positive force area during the second cycle of compression to that of the first cycle. TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS) Analysis of the data Force B A o Time

  18. Definition The ratio of the positive force area during the second cycle of compression to that of the first cycle. TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS) Analysis of the data Force B A o Time

  19. TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS) Analysis of the data Force B A o Time

  20. TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS) Analysis of the data Force Stringiness o Time

  21. Note Defined as the distance that the product is extended during de- compression before separating from the probe. Not an original TPA parameter and is not included in the TPA analysis macro at this point. TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS) Analysis of the data Force Stringiness o Time

  22. TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS) Analysis of the data Springiness Force o Time

  23. Definition The height that the food recovers during the time that elapses between the end of the first cycle and the start of the second cycle. TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS) Analysis of the data Springiness Force o Time

  24. TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS) Analysis of the data Springiness Force o Time

  25. TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS) Analysis of the data Work of Adhesion Force o Time Adhesivness

  26. Definition The negative area for the first compression cycle - representing the work needed to overcome the attractive forces between the surfaces of the probe and the food. TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS) Analysis of the data Work of Adhesion Force o Time

  27. Definition The maximum negative force of the first compression cycle TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS) Analysis of the data Force o Time Adhesivness

  28. Resilience • Not an original TPA parameter. • Developed from looking closely at elastic recovery • A measurement of how the sample recovers from deformation. • Ratio of the first UP ( decompression) stroke to the first DOWN ( compression) stroke

  29. Initial Modulus • Not an original Texture Profile Analysis parameter • Developed from looking closer at curve before fracture • Initial Modulus = Initial Stress / Initial Strain • Initial Stress:taken as mean force from 0.5 -1.5secs and then dividing by the Contact Area • Initial Strain:calculated at the 1.5 second point

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